COMPONENT PARTS OF A GARDEN 173 



If the ground is naturally non-porous, it will be 

 sufficient to make the sides watertight by means 

 of puddle gutters. These are on the same prin- 

 ciple as a dam. A ditch from 18 in. to 2 ft. wide 

 is dug all round the prepared hollow and filled in 

 with puddled clay. For every foot of depth the 

 thickness of the wall of clay should increase by 

 2 in., and the wall should finish i in. above the in- 

 tended water level. Sometimes it is necessary to 

 form puddle gutters only at one end, as on falling 

 ground where artificial making up has been done. 



When the banks are turfed, sods should be 

 carried below the water line and pegged into the 

 sides. The sides of a concreted pond should have 

 a layer of gravel on the top of the concrete, and 

 large stones imbedded in the foot of the bank 

 beyond. Gravel should also be placed over a 

 puddled bottom to prevent its disturbance, and 

 on the sides where the wind on the water causes a 

 slight wash. 



Natural rainfall is not enough to keep a pond at 

 one level the whole year, and an extraneous water 

 supply should be arranged, either regularly flowing, 

 or able to be turned on. Both inlet and outlet 

 may be made occasions of interest. The inlet may 

 take the form of a waterfall if the surroundings 

 are wild enough to justify it. Or it can be a small 

 stream, the pipe feeding it being hidden behind 

 rocks. The outlet cannot be a waterfall except 

 when the pool is one of a series, but it may go 



