174 GARDEN DESIGN 



out as a stream, and a bog garden may be com- 

 bined with it. In short the overflow should be 

 of a gentler nature than the inflowing water. 



Unless a pond is wanted for bathing, there is 

 no object in having it more than 4 ft. deep, of which 

 2 ft. should be soil if water lilies are to be planted 

 in it. The lilies can be planted in the soil by 

 making the roots into a bundle with good fibrous 

 loam tied round with sacking, or in an old basket, 

 and sinking the whole. As the roots develop 

 and the sacking or basket rots away they spread 

 into the soil of the pond. About 2 in. of fine clean 

 gravel should be laid over the soil. 



Streams need the same preparation as ponds. 

 The beds of streams feeding or draining ponds 

 must be very hard at their junction with the latter. 

 Moving water has a strong corrosive action, and 

 when the inlet stream has worn itself below the 

 pond's level a backward flow takes place, and the 

 inlet becomes stagnant and sluggish. Or the 

 outlet may wear back, and the water level itself 

 be lowered. The hardening is best accomplished 

 by a concrete channel, or half pipes joined by 

 cement. I have used pantiles successfully, the 

 laps being cemented. The nature of the bottom 

 can be hidden by pebbles. 



Basins for fountains or still water are suitable 

 for architecturally treated gardens, particularly 

 when combined with bold designs below, or on a 

 terrace. It is a question whether jets of water 



