Gardening in Californi 



For a walk, the same course in grading should be pursued, 

 only in this case the border should be graded six inches above the 

 grade of the walk instead of eight inches as recommended for the 

 driveway. This would give four inches for the depth of rock, 

 that depth being sufficient for a foot-path. 



When these stakes for the driveway have all been set, the 

 roadway can now be leveled to the required grade, namely, eight 

 inches below the top of the established border grade-stakes, and 

 six inches below the top of the road-bed grade-stakes. 



Of course, some portions of the natural grade will be found 

 to be above and other portions below the proposed grade of the 

 driveway, but, all N this having been carefully planned out as 

 suggested earlier in this chapter, the portions of the roadway 

 which are too high will now be moved to fill up to grade where 

 the ground is too low. This part of the work is very easily 

 carried out when it has previously been carefully planned and 

 has also been surveyed and staked, so that the workmen will 

 know both how deep to cut and to what grade they are to fill in. 



Various materials may be used for the bottoming of roads 

 and walks, such as stone, brickbats, clinkers, or, in short, any 

 hard substance which contains nothing that would injure the 

 roots of the plants. It is important to keep this in view, as plants 

 situated near the border of a road quite frequently send their 

 roots under the road-bed, and, if material injurious to plants were 

 used, the plants could not fail to suffer. Each neighborhood 

 generally has some local quarry which contains rock quite good 

 enough for forming roads or walks for a Pleasure-Garden and 

 Grounds. Crushed rock of a brown color has a much better 

 color effect, as contrasted with the green of lawns or shrubbery, 

 than rock which is of a gray or white shade. 



Before commencing to haul the rock for bottoming the road- 

 bed, it should be seen that the road-bed is well shaped, evenly 

 crowned, and rolled hard, for unless the road-bed is properly 

 shaped before the rock is spread, it is almost impossible to get a 



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