AND CELEBRATED GARDENS 



public is much obliged for the cultivation of them to the 

 anonymous author of ' England's Happiness increased, or a 

 Remedy against succeeding Dear Years, by a Plantation of 

 Potatoes'" (1664). And he further tells us that " sallads," 

 carrots, and turnips, and cabbages, were brought over from Holland, 

 And we read of pumpkins, garlic, onions and peas. 



1 Rassiris " (raisins) are said to have formed part of the second 

 course of the institution feast of Archbishop Nevil in 1464 ; if 

 this be true, they must have come from abroad. Pippins were 

 introduced in 1514, and the " pale gooseberry " about the same 

 time ; and so well have we succeeded with the gooseberry, that 

 we have come almost to regard it as indigenous. On the other 

 hand, though both oranges and figs were certainly known in England 

 in the reign of Henry VIII., orange trees have never flourished here 

 in the open, nor have fig trees done much better. The two famous 

 fig trees mentioned in the account of Lambeth Palace, are descended 

 from those planted in the Archiepiscopal garden by Cardinal Pole, 

 and were then regarded as " trees of curiosity " and very carefully 

 nurtured. 



It is said that the first mulberry trees were those in the Protector 

 Somerset's garden at Sion, Middlesex, and were doubtless planted 

 under the auspices of Dr. Turner, physician to Edward VI., of 

 whom I shall have more to say. However, according to others, 

 the mulberry was first planted in the gardens at Hatfield. 



It seems to have been James I., and not Queen Elizabeth as 

 sometimes supposed, who, with a view to the establishment of 

 the silk industry in this country, caused the mulberry tree to be 

 planted freely in the South of England. 



That strawberries were common in England in the sixteenth 

 century we have Shakespearean authority for stating, for Gloucester 

 says in Richard III. : "When I was last in Holborn I saw good 

 strawberries in your garden there. I do beseech you send for some 

 of them." But whether Shakespeare was guilty of an anachronism 

 in mentioning the fruit as having been grown in this country a 

 hundred years earlier, I do not pretend to know. We read of 

 peaches, and even citrons, and attempts were made to cultivate the 

 grape, but without success. 



An essay on gardening by a certain Thomas Hills, which 

 appeared about 1560, shows a distinct advance both in the theory 



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