GARDENS OF CELEBRITIES 



the same who, in 1215, headed the Barons and obtained the Magna 

 Charta, each in turn resided at the Manor House, which Glanville, 

 Bishop of Rochester, at the end of the twelfth century, had built 

 for a London residence for the Bishops of Rochester. 



By the year 1262 it appears to have become dilapidated, for at 

 that date a Bull from Pope Urban IV. empowered Archbishop 

 Boniface to dispose of a fourth of the offerings at the shrine of 

 St. Thomas of Canterbury, " and to turn them to pious uses " ; 

 and he was ordered either to repair his " houses " at Lambeth, or 

 to build new ones. 



Which alternative he elected to follow is not quite certain ; 

 it is supposed that Boniface erected the present chapel over the 

 then existing crypt, but the crypt itself contains no architectural 

 work earlier than the close of the twelfth, or beginning of the 

 thirteenth century. Ducarel suggests that he also laid the 

 foundation of the Great Hall ; and, on the whole, Boniface is 

 generally credited with being the first builder of the present 

 palace. 



Each succeeding Primate, with one exception, appears to have 

 done something to add to its dignity and convenience. The 

 exception was Archbishop Kilwarby, or Kilwardby, who, about 

 1275, robbed the See of Canterbury, and carried away with him 

 to Rome all the jewels, plate, money, and, most important of all, 

 the Register books belonging to the Archiepiscopate. The loss 

 of these Registers has made the early history of Lambeth House 

 very difficult to trace. 



In 1351, during the reign of Edward II., Archbishop Reynolds 

 restored portions of the house. In 1381, in the reign of Richard II., 

 Wat Tyler, incensed by the unpopular Poll Tax, headed a rebellion 

 against the King, seized the Tower of London, and led a party 

 against Lambeth House. They beheaded the Archbishop, Simon 

 de Sudbury, sacked the building, and " did all the mischief that 

 a careless and enraged mob is capable of doing." 



This mischief two succeeding prelates, Courtney and Arundel, 

 did their best to repair. Arundel, the great persecutor of the 

 Lollards, was followed by an eminent building Archbishop, Henry 

 Chicherley, to whom Lambeth owes more, architecturally, than 

 to any occupant of the See of Canterbury except Cardinal Morton, 

 who built the great Gatehouse about the year 1490. 



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