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general works, except in the bibliography or full reference ; 

 when of course the " Leptocaulis iner)7iib, Nutt. in DC. 

 Coll. Mem. v. 39, x. 10, et Prodr. v. 107," will fully appear. 

 But so long as the abbreviated citation of the author and 

 publisher together is requisite, the mode or citation recom- 

 mended by De Candolle is the one to be employed. 



A quite different case is that of citing, as authority for a 

 genus or species, the name of a botanist which is not upon 

 the record. There is reason to believe that L. C. Richard 

 edited the "Flora Boreali-Americana " of Michaux, and drew 

 up the excellent generic and specific characters of the new 

 plants in it. There is equal reason to believe that he pur- 

 posely withheld his name. Upon no just principle of cita- 

 tion, therefore, can the name of Richard be quoted, as the 

 younger Richard and Kunth essayed to do. The same holds 

 for the work of Solander in the first edition of Aiton's 

 " Hortus Kewensis." And if it does not hold for the con- 

 tributions of Brown to the second edition, it is because he 

 claimed them in his lifetime, rather than because they have 

 been collected and republished under his name since his 

 death. Only confusion will come from the admission of hy- 

 pothetical constructive authorship. The old rule, that what 

 does not appear is no better than non-existent, must apply to 

 all such cases. 



In the comments upon article 52, the duty of abbreviating 

 authors' names in the normal way is insisted on, and the bad 

 practice of doing so by leaving out the vowels is deprecated. 

 " Michx." for Michaux, which is partially shortened in this 

 way, was a necessity on account of the ancient botanist 

 Micheli. But " Crn." for Crouan is intolerable. Such a 

 name need not be abbi-eviated at all. Monosyllabic names 

 should rarely if ever be curtailed. "R. Br." has so long 

 been used for Robert Brown that it may continue to be used, 

 although " Brown " is better. In the other form, it may 

 be counted among the few cases in which initial letters are 

 used instead of the first syllable and first consonant of the 

 second, — cases which should probably be restricted to the 

 "L." for Linmeus, "DC." for De Candolle, "H. B. K." 



