LIFE OF DR. ROLLESTON. XXXV 



and of expressing thought in articulate speech. Professor Huxley 

 answered that he had controverted the assertions made for years 

 by Professor Owen as to the differences in *brain between man 

 and the highest apes ; he called upon Professors Rolleston, 

 Flower, and Vrolik, to say whether the universal voice of 

 Continental and British anatomists had not entirely borne out 

 his statements, and refuted those of Professor Owen. Professor 

 Kolleston on this went into the whole question on its merits, in 

 a speech which, putting together the newspaper reports and his 

 own notes, seems to have been somewhat as follows : — He said 

 that the facts stated by Professor Huxley were supported by the 

 evidence of the photographic process, referring to the ' Natural 

 History Review' for April and July 1861, and to his own Royal 

 Institution lecture above mentioned. He would try to supply 

 the members of the Association with the points of positive 

 difference between the human and the ape's brain. For doing 

 this we had been abundantly shown that the hippocampus minor 

 and the posterior lobe were insufficient. Without employing 

 that analysis of the brain's convolutions which we owe to 

 Gratiolet, it is impossible to differentiate the brains of man 

 and the apes fully and fairly. Professor Owen had himself 

 spoken of the determination of the difference between Homo 

 and Pithecus as being ' the anatomist's difficulty.' It was plain, 

 therefore, that the differentiation of the human from the simious 

 encephalon was not such an easy matter as many persons 

 might suppose, and it was but recently that the means for 

 effecting this differentiation had been discovered. What Gra- 

 tiolet had done for the anatomy of the brain might be compared 

 with the work of Adams in astronomy, and of Max Muller in 

 language, and without a reference to his writings it was im- 

 possible for a lecturer on this subject to treat either it or his 

 audience fairly. This analysis had enabled us to point out great 

 differences, and widely-swerving characteristics, which the rough 

 and empirical methods of ordinary brain anatomy were wholly 

 incompetent to reveal to us. On Mr. Darwin's principle of the 

 great importance of rudimentary organs for classiticatory pur- 



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