8 ON THE AFFINITIES OF THE BRAIN 



consider the relations of the parts as seen in our specimen, Fig. 2, 

 as mere individual peculiarities, it is at all events sufficient to 

 justify us in denying them, not merely all classificatory, but also 

 all physiological value. 



For arrogating importance to any projection or predominance 

 backward of the cerebellum, still less justification exists. For so 

 doing no other colour can be brought forward than such as our own 

 figures can afford, for which we have adduced a sufficient explana- 

 tion, or such as certain confessedly imperfect figures 1 , taken as they 

 were from a confessedly badly preserved brain, may be thought to 

 furnish, when weighed against the all but unanimous verdict to the 

 contrary which is obtained by the examination of authentic repre- 

 sentations and of well-preserved specimens. In every specimen, 

 save the single one the subject of this paper, of a simious brain above 

 the grade of a lemur, contained in our Museum, the cerebellum 

 is as much covered posteriorly by the cerebral lobes as we have 

 already shown it to be laterally. The same remarks apply to every 

 one of M. Gratiolet's own figures ; the only exceptions to the rule 

 which his plates offer being those which the imperfect figures of 

 Tyson and Sandifort furnish. Tiedemann's Icones of the lower 

 apes are unanimous on the same side, but the figures which he 

 gives of the brains of the orang and chimpanzee, in his work on 

 the Brain of the Negro 2 , represent the cerebellum uncovered, on 

 both sides, to a somewhat greater extent than it is in our own 

 figures 3 and 4, on one side 3 . 



A careful study, however, of our figures, coupled with an exam- 

 ination of the skulls of several anthropoid apes, will lead to the 



1 Schroder Van der Kolk et Vrolik, citt. Gratiolet, ' Mem.' 49, Planche vi. 5 and 6. 



2 Citt. ap. Wagner's ' Icones Zootomies,' Taf. viii. figs. 2 and 3. 



3 Since the above paragraphs were written, casts have been taken of the interior of 

 the skulls of our second orang and of the chimpanzee, with the following results. The 

 cast of the orang's skull approximates more nearly to the proportions of the brain we 

 have figured than does the prepared brain it represents ; the relative extent of the 

 space occupied by the mass corresponding to the cerebellum being somewhat greater 

 than that occupied by the cerebellum itself, in the specimen. Still, in such a view of 

 the cast as that given in fig. 3 of the first of our brains, no cerebellar surface at all 

 comes into view ; though a little less cerebral surface comes out laterally than in the 

 preserved brain in a similar view to that in fig. 2. The cast of the chimpanzee's skull 

 represents the cerebral hemispheres as overlapping the cerebellum to a greater extent 

 posteriorly than they do in the preparation, the hemispheres having in this, as in 

 certain figured preparations, fallen apart laterally somewhat, and lost thus in antero- 

 posterior what they have gained in lateral extent. 



