BRAIN OF MAN AND THE BRAINS OF CERTAIN ANIMALS. 35 



indeed bears evidence to this characteristic of the human brain ; 

 we hear of a c long-headed man ' in common parlance, as of a 

 dolicho-cephalic man in scientific, in contrast to a brachycephalic 

 man and its trivial rendering ; but it is in scientific books alone 

 that we hear of, or rather read of aepy cephalic * (Huschke, p. ioo) or 

 acrocephalic (' Crania Britannica,' Dec. ii. plate 1 1) men. The 

 reason is simply this ; men differ greatly as to the length of their 

 heads, they differ little as to the height of them. It is obvious 

 that it may be said that greater height means increase in quantity, 

 implies greater force, more perfect function ; but that it constitutes 

 after all but a difference of degree, not of kind, — that the muscles 

 of Milo of Crotona were not more truly muscles than those of the 

 puniest of modern mortals because there was more of them ; that, 

 in a word, quantitative is not specific difference ; and that, in 

 French language, the greater altitude of the human brain is a 

 difference of physiological, not of serial, value. To this, however, I 

 would answer, — waiving for the moment my metaphysical objec- 

 tions to the distinction which is so frequently drawn, — that the fact 

 of the highest of the apes differing more widely from the lowest 

 of mankind in this very dimension of altitude than in either that 

 of breadth or length, whilst the lowest of mankind differs less from 

 the highest in this self- same dimension than in any other, does 

 seem to me to confer something of a classificatory value upon it. 



It is possible, however, that I am laying, and have laid upon 

 another occasion 2 , more stress upon this point than a conscientious 

 record of an extensive number of measurements of human crania of 

 various races, the encephalon not being accessible, would show it to 

 be able to bear. Measurements, on the one hand, of crania known 

 to have been artificially deformed would be excluded from such a 

 list ; while, on the other hand, for the argument to remain valid, 

 absolute certainty must somehow be obtained as to the impossibility 

 of such artificially produced deformities ever becoming hereditarily 

 transmissible. 



Mr. Marshall has shown that the chimpanzee's brain is most 

 markedly inferior to the human brain in this very dimension of 

 altitude, but it is fair to the subject to say that this discrepancy 

 is less than what I found and recorded in the same periodical as 



1 Hochschadler. 



2 • Nat. Hist. Eeview,' No. II., April, 1861, p. 209. 



D 2 



