BRAIN OF MAN AND THE BRAINS OF CERTAIN ANIMALS. 47 



to variety, but a stunted occipital region is not ; it may contain, or 

 it may not, in man it never does contain, occipital lobes alone. 

 The bony case is forced out into protuberance in this region ; but 

 it is so forced out in man by the outgrowth of brain lobes which 

 can no longer find sufficient shelter under their own proper vertebra, 

 to use the language of mystical and exceedingly delusive anatomy; 

 but whether these outgrowing convolutions be those lettered a and 

 j3, or those numbered 4 and 5 in our diagram, no external mani- 

 festation can tell us. It is plain that judging of the contents of 

 any one of the four volumes of a four-volume work from the 

 numeral emblazoned on its back is a scientific and safe method of 

 coming to a decision as to its contents, when compared with the 

 analogous procedure so commonly held to be legitimate, conclusive 

 and safe, when applied to the human skull. 



The convolutions numbered 1, 3, 3, correspond to the frontal, 

 and a glance shows the enormous development they have attained 

 in man ; and a second will explain how it is that the horizontality 

 on the reverse of the temporo-sphenoidal (numbered 8, 7) lobe stands 

 in a direct ratio to the greater or less development of this frontal 

 mass. It is broad, subquadrate in front, deep, long, complex, 

 asymmetrical, in man ; narrow, pointed in front, excavated, fore- 

 shortened, simple, symmetrical, in the apes. Divisible as it is in 

 both alike into three stages, it is especially the uppermost which 

 in the uppermost of mankind presents the widest difference when 

 compared with lower organisms ; but these lower organisms are, 

 as my diagrams show (see Fig. 3 b), human as well as simious, and 

 to the believers in the doctrine of types, as commonly expounded, 

 the words ' divisible as it is in both alike ' are words of disappoint- 

 ment, speaking as they do to merely quantitative differences. These 

 quantitative differences are, it may be said, incomparably wider 

 when we measure the interval between the Hottentot Venus and 

 the African ape ; but when we measure that existing between the 

 Hottentot Venus and the European, are the latter differences greater 

 than those which separate such a brain as the chimpanzee's from 

 such another as the marmoset's ? Now, to these enormous differ- 

 ences as existing in Nature, and shown in these diagrams as 

 existing between the African and the American ape, will any one 

 aver he can assign concomitantly varying capacities, co-ordinately 

 graduated amenabilities to education ? I cannot but think the 



