156 ON THE VARIOUS FORMS OF 



the cranium of an ancient aboriginal of Scandinavia regarded as 

 the Celt. The cranium is long in proportion to its breadth, and 

 resembles in size and shape the Gentoo skull, No. S553' This is 

 the type of a class of skulls called dolichocephalic by the donor, 

 Professor Retzius.' Secondly, of the Dinnington cranium, I would 

 remark that Professor Ecker, in ' Archiv fur Anthropologic/ bd. i. 

 hft. 2. p. 283, has remarked of it, that it is exceedingly like the 

 Frankish skulls obtained by him from his grave-row cemeteries. 

 And Dr. Barnard Davis, in his 'Thesaurus Craniorum,' p. 10, speaks 

 of it as c a very large, even enormous, subscaphocephalic skull.' 

 Of the thirty-two crania obtained by me from Erilford, which from 

 archaeological evidence detailed by me in a paper to be published 

 by the Society of Antiquaries 1 have been shown to belong to 

 pre-Saxon times, I may say, firstly, that they resemble very closely 

 the two casts already mentioned ; and, secondly, that they differ 

 from the dolichocephalic crania ordinarily obtained from long 

 barrows, and notably from such crania obtained for me, by the 

 agency of the Rev. David Royce, from a long barrow at Nether- 

 swell, near Stow-on-the-Wold, as much as any two sets of dolicho- 

 cephalic crania can differ. Their frontal region though not loftier 

 is yet fuller and wider ; and much the same description may apply 

 to every other part of the calvarium, which in no point corresponds 

 to the description given by His and Rutimeyer to their Hohberg 

 type of skull, except that occasionally in male skulls, though by no 

 means always, it has the mesial vertical carina,, developed in male 

 specimens (cf. Professor Ecker, ' Archiv fur Anthropologic/ bd. i. hft. 

 1. p. 84). The skulls themselves, whether belonging to young or old, 

 present signs of culture in the softness and even rounding of their 

 outlines, to which the retention of verticality by the forehead pre- 

 sents an exception in subordination to the rule or reason of the 

 absence of angles elsewhere, but if the skulls themselves differ their 

 owners seem to me to have differed much more. Of all differences 

 which relate to life there is no one more important than difference 

 as to its duration, and in this the British crania of Frilford differ 

 most essentially and to great advantage from the dolichocephalic 

 individuals described by Dr. Thurnam, in ' Memoirs of Anthropo- 

 logical Society of London/ vol. i, as found by him in dolicho- 

 taphic barrows. Eleven, or more than half of twenty-one, male 



1 See Article XXXIV. of this volume. 



