XV. 



DESCEIPTION OF FIGURES OF SKULLS OB- 

 TAINED BY CANON GREENWELL FROM 

 BRITISH BARROWS WHICH HE EXAMINED \ 



Eleven skulls and two calvariae from thirteen barrows examined 

 by Canon Greenwell have been selected for description by myself, 

 and drawn and engraved by Mr. W. H. Wesley. Four of the 

 skulls and both the calvariae are of the dolichocephalic, and the 

 remaining* seven of the brachycephalic type. Four views have 

 been given of each of the eleven skulls ; the incomplete state of the 

 two calvariae rendered it useless to attempt to give more than two 

 views of each of them. The four views given are the profile view, 

 the so-called norma lateralis ; the view from above, the norma verti- 

 calis ; the view from in front, the norma frontalis ; and the view 

 from behind, the norma occipitalis. Views have not been given of 

 the norma basalis, the base of the skulls having very ordinarily 

 suffered so much posthumous injury as greatly to impair the value 

 of such a view of them. 



Each skull has been drawn in the position most commonly 

 adopted by craniographers, in which a vertical line drawn from the 

 centre of the auditory meatus passes through the plane of the junction 

 of the coronal and sagittal sutures 2 . The horizontal plane obtained 

 by drawing a line from the centre of the auditory meatus at right 



1 [The barrows are described in • British Barrows,' Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1877. — 

 Editor.] 



2 For the most recent Memoir which has appeared upon the question of the true 

 horizontal plane of the human skull, see * Archiv fur Anthropologic,' Bd. ix. 1876, 

 ' Die horizontal Ebene des menschlichen Schadels, von Dr. Schmidt in Essen.' To the 

 extensive bibliography there given should be added a reference to Professor Busk's 

 Address to the Anthropological Institute, January 1874 (given in Journal of Institute, 

 vol. iii. p. 522), where especial reference is made to Dr. von Ihering's views upon the 

 subject which have been put forward by him in the 'Archiv fiir Anthropologic,' vol. v. 

 1872, and the ' Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie,' 1873. See also Aeby, 'Archiv fur Anthro- 

 pologic,' vol. vi. p. 295, 1874; Gosse, 'Deformations artificielles du Crane,' pp. 7, 59. 

 1855. In brachycephalic skulls with vertical foreheads the true vertical line often falls 

 a little way behind the coronal suture. 



M 2 



