176 DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES OF SKULLS. 



I have noted it in skeletons of dolichocephalic individuals who 

 could not have been of any very great muscular development, ex- 

 cept possibly as,regards the particular muscle named. The cristae 

 ilii and the ischial epiphyses are not yet perfectly anchylosed, 

 though they still adhere to the os innominatum. One wisdom 

 tooth only has come into actual use, the other three being still in 

 their alveoli. The basi-cranial bones are lost, and nothing therefore 

 can be said as to the closure of the spheno-basilar suture. Viewed 

 in the norma lateralis, the dip in the parieto-oecipital region, though 

 more abrupt than it would be even in a female specimen of the 

 dolichocephalic type, is yet a little more oblique, not only than are 

 female, but also than we shall find the more mature brachycephalic 

 males to be. The forehead has the obliquity so frequent in strong 

 male skulls of every type, and, contrary to what is usually laid 

 down 1 as to young skulls, the frontal sinuses are already largely 

 developed, and, as is usual in this type, separated from each other 

 by a broad and shallow glabellar furrow. 



The lower jaw contrasts by the height of its coronoid relatively 

 to the zygomatic arch, and by the form of its chin as well as by 

 the measurements given above, with the female skull, Flixton, iii. 6, 

 next to be described, illustrating herein the principle that sexual 

 as well as other characters are often as distinctly recognisable in 

 the lower jaw as anywhere else in the skeleton. The larger size 

 of the mastoids is well seen in the skull on the side not shown in 

 the drawing ; the large size of its air-cells is, however, well shown 

 on the injured side figured. There appears to have been some right 

 parieto-oecipital flattening, due probably to the carrying of the 

 owner of this skull when an infant with the head supported on the 

 right side ; and this distortion 2 appears to have been increased by 



1 Broca, ' Memoires d Anthropologic,' vol. i. p. 76. Mr. Prescott Hewett, ' Medical 

 Times and Gazette,' p. 106, Aug. 4, 1855, says these cavities do not begin to develope 

 till the fourteenth or fifteenth year. In some of these early skulls, however, I have seen 

 them largely developed as early as when the first true molar has only just come into use. 



2 The following observations made by Vesalius in 1543 (' De Corporis Humani 

 Fabrica,' lib. i. cap. 5. p. 16, torn. i. Opera Omnia, Leyden, 1725) as to the production 

 of artificial though unintentional cranial deformation bear on this point and some others 

 raised at the present moment : ' Germani vero compresso plerumque occipitio, et lato 

 capite spectantur, quod pueri in cunis dorso semper incumbant ac manibus fere citra 

 fasciarum usum, cunarum lateribus utrinque alligentur, Belgis oblongiora caeteris pro- 

 pemodum reservantur permanentve capita, quod matres suos puerulos fasciis involutos 

 in latere et temporibus potissimum dormire sinant.' The American ethnologist, Morton, 

 in his ' Crania Americana,' p. 115, 1839, refers to the production of the parieto-oecipital 



