186 DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES OF SKULLS. 



and in the norma lateralis the characteristic contour of the brachy- 

 cephalic skull. The lower jaw, with its great width, flanged-out 

 angles, and prominent bifid mentum, shows that its owner was a man 

 of considerable strength. The teeth are comparatively small, and 

 not as much worn as the teeth are usually in skulls of individuals 

 of this period and the age of this subject. The cranial sutures, 

 especially the sagittal, have undergone extensive obliteration. 



This skull has been figured and described by the Rev. W. Green- 

 well, M.A., and D. Embleton, M.D., in the Natural History 

 Transactions of Northumberland and Durham, Tyneside Field Club, 

 vol. i. pi. xiii. 



COWLAM. 



[lix. 3. p. 226.] 



A fragmentary femur gives a probable length of 18-5" for the 

 perfect bone, from which we may calculate the stature as having 

 been 5' 7", about an inch and a half less than the average stature 

 assigned to the brachycephalous British by Dr. Thurnam upon an 

 examination of twenty- seven femora. The femur in question shows 

 its owner to have been a man of considerable strength and to 

 have been in the later period of middle life, conclusions to which 

 the condition and character of the skull would likewise point. The 

 articular surface of the head of the femur has encroached a little 

 way on to its neck anteriorly, which may indicate the existence in 

 early life of some disease of the joint which was recovered from. 



The sagittal and coronal sutures are still patent, both internally 

 and externally, for a considerable part of their extent. The skull 

 itself is a most favourable specimen of the brachycephalic type, 

 combining as it does indications of strength with great size, and 

 yet showing no marks of savagery. It assuredly merits the titles of 

 'Kraftigkeit und Wiirde/ which His and Rutimeyer (' Jahrbuch der 

 Schweizer Alpen,' for 1864, p. 398) bestow upon the better developed 

 skulls of their ' Sion Typus;' though it belongs to the class of skull 

 assigned by those anthropologists to their * Disentis Typus.' The 

 skull as a whole is sub-quadrate or sub-cubical in outline, but being 

 filled out in each individual region it gains an appearance of 

 general smoothness and globosity. The supraciliary ridges are less 

 in size and the forehead is less oblique than is at all usual in skulls 



