COWLAM. 187 



of this period which belonged to owners of such strength as the 

 powerful and well-defined lower jaw speaks to. The point of maxi- 

 mum height when the skull is in its normal position lies a little 

 way behind the coronal suture ; and by the greatness of this height, 

 both absolute and relative, and by its situation at this point, one of 

 the most characteristic features of this type of skull is constituted. 

 In this the 'ancient British brachycephali resemble the neolithic 

 Danes, as pointed out by Professor Busk l . 



The occipital squama occupies a plane a little posterior to that 

 occupied by the posterior half of the parietals, as is the case in some 

 of the brachycephalic skulls just referred to and others: the occipital 

 protuberance having been lost, together with a large part of the 

 occipital bone, it is not now possible to say with safety whether the 

 fronto-inial line was or was not shorter than the fronto-postremal. 

 The cerebral overlap however has certainly been considerable, and 

 the conceptacula cerebelli are more horizontal than is usual in 

 skulls of this type. This however may be partly due to the commence- 

 ment of senile gravitation 2 changes. The posterior part of the 

 parietals shows the normal brachycephalic perpendicularity, the small 

 foramina emissaria, not seen in the drawing, being entirely on the 

 posterior aspect of the skull. In spite of the very considerable frontal 

 width the zygomatic arch still comes into view in the norma verticaiis, 

 and this width, together with that of the interangular diameter of the 

 lower jaw, must have given the face a marked expression of strength 

 during life. The sockets of the canine give a square outline to the 

 front of the upper jaw. The norma occipitalis, like the norma verti- 

 caiis, is remarkable for the rounding off of its outstanding angles. 

 Skulls strikingly similar to this, both in contour and measurements, 

 are to be found in modern European races, e.g. in the Grisons 3 

 amongst the Roumansch-speaking populations, for a specimen of 

 which see skull 768 in Oxford University Museum, obtained from 

 the neighbourhood of Andeer by Dyce Duckworth, Esq., M.D., or 

 amongst the Finns 4 , for a specimen of which see a skull ' e Diocesi 



1 See 'Journal of the Ethnological Society,' p. 468, Jan. 1871. 

 3 See Cleland, 'Phil. Trans.,' 1870, pp. 136, 137. 



3 For a memoir on the population of the Grisons, see V. Baer, ' Bull. Acad. Imp. des 

 Sciences St. Pe'tersbourg,' p. 38 seqq., i860. 



4 For the Ethnology of the Finns, see Virchow, * Archiv fur Anthropologic,' vol. iv. 

 p. 78 ; ' Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie,' vol. v. p. 320. 



