196 DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES OF SKULLS. 



marked variety of a strongly brachycephalic type. Skulls of 

 similar proportions and contour have been procured from three 

 or four other round barrows in the East Riding, viz. from 

 barrows in the Goodmanham, Flixton, and Marr series ; and two 

 others, also of the same conformation, ' Rudstone, lxiii. 6,' and 

 ' Rudstone, lxviii. 7,' have been procured from this very series. 

 The latter of these two skulls, which belonged to a man past the 

 middle period of life and of about 5 ft. 8 in. in stature, goes farther 

 than most even of the roughest hewn skulls of the Bronze Period 

 to justify the comparison which Dr. Thurnam 1 instituted between 

 them and the macrognathous Maori crania. This skull having been 

 much broken, most of its measurements, as reconstructed, have 

 to be taken with qualification; its great weight, however, 1 lb. 4*9 oz. 

 av., the lower jaw included, but much loss of other bone having 

 been incurred, as against a weight for the much more nearly 

 perfect skull and lower jaw, here figured, of 1 lb. 10 oz. iogrs. av., 

 is unambiguously indicative as to its great size. Skulls differing 

 from these mainly in the comparatively unimportant particular 

 of a lesser frontal obliquity will be found figured in the { Crania 

 Helvetica' of His and Rutimeyer, t. ii. p. 130, and in Von Baer's 

 description of the crania and people of the Graubundten 2 . Even 

 more closely similar are the figures of the Borreby skull and of the 

 Ledbury skull given by Professor Huxley in Sir Charles Lyell's 

 'Antiquity of Man,' p. 91, 4th. ed. 1873, and in ' Prehistoric 

 Remains of Caithness,' 1866, p. 114. In none of these cases 

 however, with the single exception of the Borreby skull, have we 



Patagonia, by Dr. Cunningham of H.M.S. ' Nassau,' or of that given by Ellis, 1. c. 

 infra, of the Tahiti method with that given by Camper, 1. a, of a calvarium brought to 

 Oxford by Captain King (No. 827. University Museum), will show that both forms of 

 artificial deformity existed side by side with each other in Patagonia and in Tahiti. 

 Annularly constricted and elongated skulls, such as the one spoken of by Camper as 

 'tout pareillement conformee ' to the one from Tahiti, have been constantly found in 

 the region of the Nootka Sound in company with the plagiocephalous variety. And 

 the same is notoriously the case with the Peruvian series, though here it must be said 

 that several authors have attempted to show, though not in the writer's opinion 

 successfully, that these two forms of distorted skull may be taken as distinctive either 

 of two different races, or of chiefs as opposed to the common people. See Forbes, 1. c. 

 infra, pp. 12, 13. The annularly constricted skulls which have come into the present 

 writer's hands appear to have belonged to females whose treatment, even in matters 

 of this kind, is often, amongst savages, different from that of males. 



1 ' Principal Forms of Ancient British and Gaulish Skulls,' 1865, pp. 31, 102. 



3 * Bulletin de TAcad. Imp. des Sciences de Saint Pe'tersbourg,' vol. i. i860 ; or 

 'Melanges biologiques tire's du Bulletin,' t. iii. 





