RUDSTONE. 213 



I. Measurements of Calvaria. 



Extreme length . 

 Fronto-inial length 

 Extreme breadth . 

 Upright height . 

 Circumference 

 Frontal arc . 



7-6" 



7-4" 

 5-4" 

 6" 

 20" 



5-2" 



Parietal arc .... 5.4" 



Occipital arc . . . a. 2 " 



Least frontal width . . . a.g" 



Greatest frontal width . . 4.7" 



Greatest occipital width . . 4.1" 



II. Measurements of Pace. 



Length of face 2" 



Depth of lower jaw at symphysis . . . . 1.7" 



Width of ramus ........ i.c" 



Height of orbit I -4 5" 



Width of orbit . 1.6'' 



Length of nose . 2" 



Width of nose ...'....09" 



III. Indices. 



Cephalic index , . . 72 



Antero-posterior index 40-9 



Facial angle at nasal spine 68 



Facial angle at alveolar border . . . • . . 61 



normal. As its sagittal suture is closed along* the inner table 

 of the skull, though it is complexly denticulated externally, a 

 condition of things observable in two other very closely similar 

 skulls from the same locality, 'Rudstone, ccxxiv. I ' and * Rudstone, 

 lxi. 3,' it is not possible to say whether here an elongation of 

 the cerebral lobes produced the elongation of the brain case, or a 

 premature sagittal synostosis produced an elongation of the brain 

 in the way of compensatory outgrowth. An examination however 

 of other similarly elongated calvariae from long and other barrows, 

 as well as from interments of modern dolichocephalic savage races, 

 puts it beyond a doubt that the elongation of the brain is the first 

 term in the series, and that the synostosis observable in such skulls 

 as these is not a cause but a consequence merely, the sutures 

 closing because the brain does not grow in the direction at right 

 angles to their long axis *. 



1 A calvaria from the lo*g barrow at Upper Swell, mentioned at p. 528 of * British 

 Barrows,' as found under the skull ' No. 2, Upper Swell,' has a parietal arc of 5-9", being 

 one inch longer than the normal length of this arc, with a frontal of 5.1" and an occi- 

 pital of 4.9", with both frontal and sagittal sutures open both internally and externally 

 and for their entire lengths. The sex of the owner of this calvaria cannot be spoken 

 to positively ; the age however must have been somewhere between sixteen and twenty, 

 and probably nearer the latter than the former of those years, the sphenoidal sinuses 

 being largely developed, and the spheno-basilar synchondrosis entirely closed. In this 

 latter particular this skull is a more striking example in illustration of the view given 



