UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 225 



mediate forms, the ' Misch-Formen ' of the German anthropologists, 

 in the slightness and shortness of many of the limb bones of the 

 skeletons of the earlier periods, in the very frequent appearance of 

 a certain ' ill-filledness ' in the skulls appertaining to those skeletons, 

 and an equally frequent ruggedness in the skulls of the later ages, 

 and finally in the presence, in both series, of skulls which, while 

 retaining their respective type, were very much smaller than the 

 great majority of those classified with them. 



Questions of some difficulty as to the affinities of these two sets 

 of crania to those of contemporaneous, of succeeding, and of still 

 existing races of mankind, are suggested by an inspection of them 



Canestrini, given by Mr. Darwin, 'Descent of Man,' p. 39, 2nd edition, to the effect that 

 brachycephalic crania have been found in the Drift. The cranium from Olmo in the 

 valley of the Arno, supposed to belong to the post-pliocene age, was said to be brachy- 

 cephalic, but has been shown by Professor Broca to have an index of 72.72, i.e. to 

 be distinctly dolichocephalic. See his • Memoires,' torn. ii. p. 354, 1874. 



Professor Nilsson, in the third edition of his ' Primitive Inhabitants of Scandinavia,' 

 the first edition of which was published in 1838, says at p. 121 of the English transla- 

 tion, edited by Sir John Lubbock, 1868, ' Some isolated brachycephalous crania have 

 been occasionally found in our stone sepulchres; but it may be taken for granted that 

 the people who constructed these sepulchres belonged to one of the dolichocephalous 

 races which still inhabit the greater part of the country.' 



Baron von Diiben ('Compte Kendu, Congres internat. d' Anthropologic,' Stockholm, 

 1874, torn. ii. 1876, p. 691), speaking of these brachycephalous skulls, says, 'Parmi 

 les cent cranes que j'ai examines du Danemark et de la Suede il s'en trouve une 

 dizaine de cette forme, dont 5 du Danemark et le reste de la Suede depuis la Scanie 

 jusqu'en Vestergotlande. lis ont tous ete exhumes des toinbeaux de l'age de la 

 pierre, les cranes sont tres arrondis, tres courts, d'un indice allant jusqu'a 84-2. Gr&ce 

 a cette forme ils contrastent au premier abord et fortement avec les autres cranes qui 

 sont dolichocephales, et evidemment ils ap parti ennent a une race differente. Ce sont 

 les cranes que MM. Nilsson et A. Betzius ont attribue's aux Lapons ; et certainement 

 quelquesuns de ces cranes ressemblent tellement a ceux des Lapons que nos connais*- 

 sances craniologiques actuelles ne suffisent pas pour y constater des differences, 

 Cependant d'autres faits montrent que les Lapons ont immigre* par le nord de la 

 Baltique et qu'ils n'ont jamais habite* la peninsule Scandinave audessous du 6 2°. Par 

 cette raison il faut attendre avant de decider sur ce point. Au reste, si ce sont des 

 Lapons, il se peut tres-bien qu'ils soient arrives comme esclaves ou comme amis de la 

 race dolichocephale e"tablie de l'autre cotC de la Baltique, oh vraisemblablement ont 

 existe* aux temps preliistoriques des relations intimes entre les Lapons et les races 

 gothiques.' 



As already stated, p. 189, there appear to me, so far as an examination of various 

 casts, figures, and descriptions enables me to form an opinion, to be two forms of 

 brachycephalic skulls reported to have been found in Danish tumuli of the stone 

 period. I cannot however perceive any close resemblance between either of these 

 forms and that of any one of several Lapp crania which the University Museum owes 

 to the kindness of Professor Eichwald and Mr. A. J. Evans, F.S.A., of Brasenose 

 College. See also infra, p. 264. 



