226 GENEEAL REMARKS 



in connexion with some other skulls ; and with these questions is 

 intimately connected the choice of the name, whether 'Iberian' 

 or ' Silurian,' 'Brigantian' or ' Cimbric,' which we may for the 

 sake of convenience impose upon the one or the other variety of 

 skull. 



The effects which the mode of life possible to the inhabitants 

 of this country in the earlier and indeed also in the later of the two 

 periods of stone and of bronze, with which we have to deal, exercised 

 upon their bodily structure, form a further subject for thought and 

 enquiry, the materials for the prosecution of which however, being 

 limited to the bones and teeth, are, from the point of view of a 

 pathologist, comparatively scanty. Something has also to be said 

 as to the sources whence the food of these races came, whether from 

 domestic or from wild animals exclusively, or in combination with 

 each other and with agricultural produce. 



It will be convenient to begin by saying that I should speak of 

 the crania of the long-barrow period, not as belonging to the 

 f Iberian I / as it is becoming the fashion to style them, but as 

 belonging to the ' Silurian' type ; and the brachy cephalic crania of 

 the round barrow I should similarly speak of, not as belonging to 

 a 'Ligurian,' but to the 'Cimbric' type. 



Tacitus, Agricola, xi, tells us that there was a tribe of people 

 called Silures living in the district which we know now as the 

 South Welsh counties of Glamorgan, Monmouth, Brecknock, Here- 

 ford, and Radnor ; he tells us further, as a matter of fact, that the 

 complexion and hair of this tribe could be described as 'colorati 

 vultus, torti plerumque crines,' words which Jornandes alters 

 slightly, making them a little clearer but perhaps less accurate, as 

 (Get. i) ' Silurum colorati vultus, torto plerumque crine et nigro 

 nascuntur.' And we know that the black-haired type of the West 



1 The earliest paper with which I am acquainted in which this name was adopted 

 for one division of the population of Great Britain is a paper, not without its merits, 

 by Dr. Hibbert Ware, to be found in the ' Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edin- 

 burgh,' vol. i. March 4, 1844. Keyser, in a letter of date April 21, 1S47, addressed to 

 Retzius and published by him in 'Muller's Archiv,' 1849, or see 'Ethnol. Schrift.' p. 

 103, 1864, suggests that the Iberians may have been the primitive stone-age inhabi- 

 tants of Great Britain and Ireland. This stock was then considered to be Turanian 

 and brachycephalic. Weinhold, who in his • Altnordisches Leben ' had called the 

 stone-age race ' Finnish, ' adopted the name ' Iberian ' in his memoir ' Die heidnische 

 Todtenbestattung in Deutschland,' published in the ' Sitzungsberichte d. K. Akad. 

 d. W. phil. hist. CI. Wien.' bd. xxix. hft. 2. p. 131. 



