UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 227 



of England at the present day 1 is shorter in stature and feebler in 

 development, and at the same time longer in skull-form than the 

 lighter haired and lighter complexioned variety. Therefore the 

 longer skulls found with shorter skeletons, hut in the long barrows 

 and there to the exclusion of brachycephalic forms, I should speak 

 of as belonging to this ' Silurian' type. 



The brachycephalic skulls of the bronze period which, as already 

 stated, are found in the round barrows mixed up with long skulls, 

 I shall speak of as belonging to a ' Cimbric' type ; firstly, because 

 there is no doubt that a similar form of skull is found at the 

 present day to be the skull form of the inhabitants of Denmark, 

 once called the 'Cimbric' Peninsula 2 ; and, secondly, because, as I 

 have elsewhere pointed out 3 , there are other reasons for thinking 



1 Dr. Beddoe, • Mem. Anth. Soc' vol. ii. p. 350. 



2 Dr. Beddoe, ' Mem. Anth. Soc.' vol. iii, and Handelman und Pansch, ' Moorleichen- 

 funde,' p. 26. The skull-form of the Danes was eminently brachycephalic 800 years 

 ago also, if we may judge from the skulls of Flambard and some other distinguished 

 ecclesiastics of the early Norman period in this country. These skulls were exhumed 

 and, after being measured by me, reinterred in the course of certain excavations 

 close to the cathedral in Durham in 1874. The skulls of the Anglo-Saxon interments 

 disturbed in these excavations were of the dolichocephalic type usual in that race. 



3 See ' British Association Keport ' for 1875, Bristol Meeting, pp. 148-149, where it is 

 suggested that in addition to the a priori probability which the fact of so many 

 immigrations from Denmark into Great Britain having taken place in the way of 

 invasions in historic times lends to such a view, we have some more definite likeli- 

 hood given to it by the discovery in Yorkshire of monoxylic coffins with similar 

 contents and fashion to those found in South Jutland ; and by the existence in the 

 same country of earth-works, which remind us of the ' castra ac spatia ' of the Cimbri 

 in their native land (Tacit. Germ. 37), but which have been shown by Colonel Lane 

 Fox to have been thrown up by invaders advancing inland from the sea. I was not 

 aware when I made these suggestions that Munch in his • Det Norske Folks Historie,' 

 p. 11, German translation by Claussen, 1853, ^ a( i drawn an argument for the same 

 suggestion from the words of Ammianus Marcellinus, xv. 9, relating to one of the 

 ' Cimbric Deluges,' taken in connexion with the well-known words of the Welsh 

 Triad, 4. p. 57, cit. Sharon Turner, 'History of the Anglo-Saxons,' vol. i. booki. chap, 

 ii. and iii. pp. 32, 42, 48 and 49, 7th ed. 1852, which say that Hu Gadarn ■ led the 

 nation of the Cymry first to the isle of Britain ; and from the country of Summer 

 which is called Deffrobani they came ; this is where Constantinople is ; and through 

 the hazy ocean (the German Ocean) they came to the island of Britain.' Whatever 

 may be the value of these words from the Triad, it is of importance to recollect that 

 there are geological reasons for holding that the so-called ■ Cimbrian Deluge ' was but 

 one of a series of submersions each of which may have caused an emigration. Sir 

 Charles Lyell has recorded an opinion to this effect in his ' Principles of Geology,' vol. i. 

 PP' 558, 559, citing the traditions recorded by Strabo, vii. 2, and Florus, iii. 3, as to 

 the occurrence of such catastrophes in the Cimbrio Peninsula, and in ' extremis Galliae.' 

 Other references to the Cimbric Deluge will be found in Professor Nilsson's ' Early 



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