228 GENERAL REMARKS 



that the tribes who brought bronze into England, with the fashion 

 of burning or burial in round as opposed to long barrows, may very- 

 Inhabitants of Scandinavia,' ed. Lubbock, pp. 252-259, in Maack's « Das urgeschicht- 

 lich Schleswig-Holstein Lande,' Berlin, i860, also in Koner's * Zeitschrift fur Erdkunde ;' 

 in Pallmann's 'Die Cimbern undTeutonen,' Berlin, 1870, pp. 27, 28, 32, and Duncker's 

 'Origines Germanicae,' 1840, p. 99. It may be well here to give the exact words of 

 Ammianus Marcellinus, which, as he is not referred to by Sir Charles Lyell, are not 

 so well known to English readers as they deserve to be. Writing of the Gauls he 

 says, xv. 9. 4, p. 56, ed. Eyssenhardt, Berlin, 1871, ' Drasidae memorant re vera 

 fuisse populi partem indigenam, sed alios quoque ab insulis extimis confluxisse et 

 tractibus transrhenanis, crebritate bellorum et adluvione fervidi maris sedibus suis 

 expulsos.' Munch supposes that two waves of population passed over into Britain 

 from the Continent in prehistoric times, and that the Gael were the earlier and the 

 Cymry were the later in order of invasion. This view, or one closely approximating 

 to it, is the one usually taken by writers on this subject, as for example by the present 

 Bishop of St. David's ('Vestiges of the Gael in Gwynedd,' p. 48, 1851), and by Niebuhr 

 (' History of Rome,' vol. ii. Eng. Trans., p. 522 seqq.), Thierry (' History of the Norman 

 Conquest,' book i), E. Lluyd, and to some extent by Prichard ('Phys. Hist.' iii. ed. 3, 

 p. 150), cit. in loco ; and O'Brien (Preface to Irish Dictionary), referred to by Prichard. 

 Many writers have laid much weight upon the similarity of the names Cimbri and 

 Kymry as an argument for the conclusion that the Kyinry came from the Danish 

 peninsula. Miinch, for example, 1. c, says, ' Der Name Cimbern oder Cimren fur die 

 altere Hauptbevolkerung der jutischen Halbinsel bezeichnet diese hinlanglich als 

 kymrisch ; ' and Prichard, whose other arguments do seem to me to deserve the 

 epithet 'hinlanglich,'' adds to them, I.e. p. 104. 'the name of Cimbri, corresponding 

 and nearly identical with that of the Cymru or Cumri of Britain.' This latter name 

 he, further on, p. 168, says on the authority of Adelung, ' Mithridates,' ii. 157, is not 

 altogether forgotten by the present Bretons. Professor Rhys, however, informs me 

 that 'the words "Cimbri" and " Kymry" are not related at all; if "Kymry" were 

 translated into Caesar's time, it would assume the form " Combroges," to be analysed 

 like " Allobroges," and meaning probably Compatriots. The word is unknown to the 

 Bretons, nor can it be traced on the other side of the Bristol Channel : so I am inclined 

 to think it was only adopted by the Welsh as their national name while under English 

 pressure. I do not mean by this to offer any opinion whatever on the question whether 

 the people called " Cimbri " were nearly related to the ancestors of the Welsh or not.' 

 At the meeting of the British Association already referred to, thinking it might be 

 of some consequence towards settling the much-vexed question of the Germanic or 

 Celtic origin of the Cimbri as known to us from the time of Marius, I gave references 

 in parallel columns to the various more or less nearly contemporary writers who had 

 spoken of them as Germans or Celts respectively. These references I may reproduce 

 here. 

 For the Celtic origin of the Cimbri, see For the German origin of the Cimbri, see 



Cicero, De Oratore, ii. 266. Horace, Epod. xvi. 7. 



Sallust, Jugurtha, 114. Inscript. Ancyran. Tab. v. 16. 



Fiorus, iii. 3. Strabo, vii. i. 3. 



Appian, De Bell. 111. 4. Caesar, De Bell. Gall. i. 40. 



„ Bell. Civ. i. 29. Velleius Paterculus, ii. 12. 



iv. 2. „ ii. 19. 



Diodorus, v. 3. 2. Tacitus, Germania, 37. 



„ xiv. 114. „ Hist. iv. 73. 





