232 GENERAL REMARKS 



of the inhabitants of ' le pays de Leon' and 'le pays de Cornouaille' 

 in Brittany ('Memoires de la Soci6te d'Anthropologie de Paris/ 

 torn. i. i860, p. 21), and readers of other French writers on Ethnology 

 are abundantly familiar with the question of ' la dualite gauloise V 

 Against calling the brachycephalic people of the round barrow 

 and bronze period by the name of the Ligures, a people so much 

 and, probably, so unjustly abused by the ancient Latin writers, 

 arguments of the same general kind as those already brought 

 against calling the dolichocephali of the stone age Iberians might 

 be adduced at considerable length. It is however superfluous to do 

 this, as the brachycephali for whom the name ' Ligurian ' has 

 been proposed of late by the Baron de Belloguet 2 , Herr Holder 3 , 

 M. Leon Vanderkindere 4 , and Professor S. Nicollucci 5 , are short of 



1 It may be well to supply evidence from times intermediate in date between the 

 present and the bronze age to show that, whatever proneness the Celtic race and its 

 subdivisions may, as testified to by the two authors just cited, manifest to quarrels 

 and disagreements of a minor kind, they have in practice found it more possible to 

 make such differences compatible with joint occupation of the same country than 

 have some other races. Diodorus Siculus, v. 33, cit. Zeuss, p. 163, writes thus of the 

 formation of the Celtiberian nation : Ovtoi yap rb iraXaibv irepl rrjs x<*>P as aX\Tj\ois 

 diairoXep,r)cravTes, o'i re "IIBrjpes teal ol KeXrol, zeal pi€T0L ravra SiaXvOevres Kal tt}v x^P av 

 Koivr}' KaToiKT)GavTes, en Se kmyafxias irpbs dXXrjXovs ovvdepevoi, bid tt)v empu£iav ravrtji 

 irvxov rfjs Trpoffrjyopias. AvoTv 8' kOv&v dX/cipiojv plix&^vtojv, k.t.X. 



The words of Skylax, cit. Zeuss, p. 167, respecting the Ligurians and Iberians are 

 similarly to the purpose : 'Airb Se 'iPrjpow exovrai Aiyves Kal "Ifirjpes pnyades, piiXP 1 

 •noTafxov 'PoSavov. 



The existence, lastly, of the name KeXroXiyves, Strabo, 4. p. 203, may seem to show 

 that a fusion was effected between the Celts and the Ligurians similar to that which 

 was effected between the Celts and the Iberians. The earlier relations between the 

 Celts and the Ligures are represented in tradition to the following effect in the lines 

 of Avienus, 'Ora Maritima,' v. 432 : — 



• Cespitem Ligurum subit 

 Cassum incolarum, namque Celtarum manu 

 Crebrisque dudum proeliis vacuata sunt 

 Liguresque pulsi.' 



2 'Ethnogenie Gauloise,' cit. Virchow, * Archiv fur Anthropologic,' vi. p. 107, 1873. 



3 'Archiv fur Anthropologic,' ii. p. 56, 1867. In his ' Zusammenstellung der in 

 Wurtemberg vorkommenden Schiidelformen,' 1876, p. 8, Herr Holder has given up the 

 title ' Ligurian, ' and replaced it by the titles ' Turanian ' and ' Sarmatian.' 



4 'Recherches sur l'Ethnologie de la Belgique,' p. 58. The skulls, with a cephalic 

 index of 85, described by Dr. Sasse from South Beveland, ' Archiv fur Anthro- 

 pologic,' vi. p. 76, had a cubical content of 1323 cub. centim. = about 80 cubic inches, 

 as against an average content of 98 cubic inches obtained by Dr. Thurnam from 

 twenty-five British brachycephali. Probably this inferiority was correlated with an 

 additional inferiority in the matter of stature. 



5 * La stirpe ligure in Italia,' Napoli, 1864. 



