UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 235 



towards the squama occipitis. This latter portion of the posterior 

 aspect of the skull is not, as usually stated, by any means in- 

 variably flat; it is, on the other hand, very frequently markedly 

 convex, the more markedly so, of course, on account of the flatten- 

 ing of the parietals to form the dip into the back aspect of the 

 skull. As above pointed out in the description of the skull 

 'Cowlam' (lix. 3, p. 236), p. 189, note, the occipital squama may 

 so project as to constitute what has been called a 'capsulares Hinter- 

 haupt ' in typically brachycephalic crania. In casts of such skulls 

 the parts of the brain which were lodged in the fossae of the superior 

 squama occipitis may be seen to project as well-defined mammillary 

 out-growths beyond the plane of the curve of the upper part of the 

 posterior aspect of the cerebral lobes, and to overlap the cerebellum 

 proportionately K Now it was shown long ago by Huschke (in his 

 1 Schadel, Hirn und Seele/ 1854, p. 142), and has been repeatedly 

 confirmed since by other investigators of the relations of the brain 

 to the brain-case, that the parietal eminence covers a particular 

 lobule in the brain beneath it, the lobule, to wit, which is called 

 by Gratiolet in his better known 2 'Memoire sur les Plis Cer6braux/ 

 p. 60, the ' lobule of the marginal convolution ; ' and which is called 

 by Huschke, 1. c, the ' lobulus tuberis.' Similarly Huschke (pp. 62 

 and 142) pointed out that a particular part of the brain was limited 

 in front by a line corresponding to the upper part of the lambdoid 

 suture, and, similarly, subsequent writers have coincided with his 

 observations. There is of course no greater a priori improbability 



1 See p. 177, note, supra, and compare figure of skull from Wetton Hill Barrow, 

 'Cran. Brit.' xiv. pi. 12, and pi. 16 and 27: and in 'Crania Helvetica,' E. xvi. 

 and xvii. 



2 Huschke, owing to certain faults of style and arrangement, and also to his investi- 

 gations of facts being very largely interlarded with questionable philosophy, has not 

 obtained all the credit which his laboriousness merited. Besides allocating the lobulus 

 tuberis, and the occipital lobes proper, to particular parts of the skull, he also defined 

 the true position of the fissure of Rolando relatively to the coronal suture, p. 139, 

 and that of the superior frontal gyrus relatively to the frontal tubera, p. 154, in the 

 some year in which Gratiolet, 1. c. p. 101, wrote as follows: ' La boite cranienne forme 

 une vaste et libre cavite. C'est une voute sous laquelle les plis et lobes cerdbraux 

 s'avancent, se reculent, s'e'talent, se resserrent, s'dcartent, se refoulent ; ces mouve- 

 ments n'ayant aucune relation absolue avec les Elements dont cette voute se compose 1 ' 



Huschke's own countrymen, to whom his writings must be easier reading than they 

 are to readers of other nationalities, have not always rendered him full justice. Pro- 

 fessor Meynert however forms an exception to this rule; see his paper on Die 

 Windungen der convexen Oberflache des Vorderhirns, ' Archiv fur Psychiatric,' bd. vii. 

 bit. 2. 



