250 GENERAL REMARKS 



and France, nor, according to His and Riitimeyer 1 , from those of 

 Switzerland; nor, according to Virchow ('Archiv fur Anth.' vi. pp. 

 92, 93), from those of Belgium. The dolichocephalic skulls with 

 which we' are now dealing contrast in no point more markedly with 

 the Anglo-Saxon skulls to which so many authors have stated that 

 they bear a very close resemblance, than they do in their com- 

 paratively slight and orthognathic upper jaw. And it may be 

 emphatically asserted that in the after all not so very common 

 cases in which the early British calvariae do closely resemble the 

 Anglo-Saxon, the upper and lower jaws will almost invariably be 

 found to furnish means for distinguishing them. The lower jaws 

 procured from long barrows, as from other interments, very 

 ordinarily far outnumber the calvariae which have been recovered 

 in such a condition as to admit of reconstruction, and there is never 

 the slightest difficulty in distinguishing such a series viewed as a 

 whole from a similar series from an Anglo-Saxon cemetery simply 

 by a reference to the more powerful development of the latter 

 series. It is true that occasionally powerful lower jaws have been 

 found belonging to prehistoric dolichocephalic crania. The exist- 

 ence of a ' frons valde depressa ' (a conformation not usual in such 

 skulls) noted by Sir B. C. Hoare ('Archaeologia,' xix. p. 46, 1821) 

 as present in a skull from a long barrow at Stony Littleton may 

 suggest the presence in that skull of a heavy jaw, to counterbalance 

 which the brain-case may have been rotated backwards (see pp. 

 214 and 222 supra). In the eminently dolichocephalic (cephalic 

 index 69) Ben-Djemma skull, rendered famous by the history given 

 ('Types of Mankind,' p. xl) of its presentation by the Oriental scholar 

 Fresnel to the American anthropologist Morton, a strikingly 

 retreating forehead is correlated, Dr. Daniel Wilson informs us 

 ('Edinburgh Philosophical Journal,' xviii. 1, July, 1863, p. 61), with 

 a lower jaw which is ' large and massive, but with less of the 

 prognathous development than in the superior maxillary.' In the 

 Horned Cairn of Get, Caithness, which though not one of the oldest 

 of those cairns did yet contain, as described by Mr. J. Anderson 

 ('Mem. Soc. Anth. Lond.' iii. p. 220; ' Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot.' June 

 1868, p. 500), no metallic implements, but on the other hand with 



1 Herr Mandach, writing of an ancient skull in the Museum at Zurich, says, 

 ' Rathselhaf t aber bleibt immerhin das Auftreten dieses fast negerartigen Kopfes 

 inmitten der sonst orthognathen alten Helvetier.' ' Crania Helvetica,' p. 63. 



