252 GENEKAL REMARKS 



and therefore of proportionately greater morphological value is 

 presented to us in the shortness of the coronoid process relatively 

 to the condyle-bearing portion of the ramus. 



In this point these ancient dolichocephali resemble many modern 

 Eskimo crania, indeed the frequency, almost amounting to con- 

 stancy, with which it occurs in these modern savages is such 

 as to render of less importance the fact that it is sometimes ob- 

 servable in other races both savage and civilised 1 . A second mor- 

 phological peculiarity of similar significance is sometimes though 

 by no means so frequently constituted by the backward position 

 of the foramen men tale, an orifice which in modern European lower 

 jaws opens in the plane of the anterior premolar, but in these 

 priscan jaws sometimes occupies the more backwardly placed 

 position not unusually noticeable in Negros. 



The skeletons from the long barrows differ as markedly from 

 those of the round as do the skulls. I have never found the stature 

 to exceed 5 ft. 6 in. (see p. 539 of ' British Barrows ;' ' Journ. Anthr. 

 Instit.' v. Oct. 1875, p. 121) in any skeleton from a barrow which 

 was undoubtedly of the stone and bone period. In this point my 

 results are in close accordance with those of Dr. Thurnam (' Further 

 Researches/ p. 32), who found the mean stature of the dolicho- 

 cephalic men of the long barrows to be 5' 5-4"=i-66i metre, and 

 that of the brachycephalous men of the round barrows to be 

 5' 8-4"= 1737 metre; the brachycephali having thus an advantage 

 of no less than 3"= 7-6 cent, in the matter of height 2 . To this I 



1 Schaafhausen, cit. Ecker, ' Archiv fur Anthropologic,' iii. p. 134, 1868, speaks of a 

 massive lower jaw with almost vertically ascending broad and short ramus, the 

 processes of which are almost of the same height, as causing us to recognise the rough 

 and more aboriginal type of conformation as it is known to us in the old Scandinavians, 

 Celts, and Britons, and as it is in part at least presented to us in an exaggerated degree 

 among modern savages. See 'Journal of Anth. Institute/ July 1876, vi. p. 34, for 

 description of such a lower jaw from the Ancient British Flint-mine at Cissbury. 



2 Mr. J. R. Mortimer, • Journal Anthrop. Institute,' vol. vi. 3, p. 333, Jan. 1877, has 

 found that the mean stature of his skeletons with dolichocephalic skulls is as much 

 as 5' 9-4", as against 5' 5" for the brachycephali, a very different result from those 

 attained to by Dr. Thurnam and myself. The discrepancy however is very easily 

 explained ; Dr. Thurnam and I, when we speak of dolichocephali, are referring only 

 to dolichocephali from long barrows, in which no metallic instruments are found, and 

 all of which are anterior in date to the round barrows with which Mr. Mortimer is 

 dealing. In these latter barrows, as the craniography of them shows, we have, in 

 Yorkshire commonly and to some extent even in the South of England, to deal with a 

 mixed race ; and the effect of crossing, as will hereinafter be pointed out in the text, 

 is very usually to increase the size of the mixed races. The only cremation long 



