UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 261 



ill- filled skulls as well as short skeletons are to be found in the 

 brachy cephalic 1 as well as in the dolichocephalic series, even if not 

 in equal proportion; their smaller numbers being correlated with 

 their greater command of means, such as metal and cerealia. 

 I have elsewhere given 2 at length the peculiarities which are 



the age of fourteen than it is in adult life, the exact measurements giving a difference 

 of 3 centime tres=i-i8i" for each sex, and being 54 : 57 centimetres for males, and 

 5 2 '5 ! 53-5 for females. The potential increment of the stature subsequently to the 

 age of fourteen averages, according to the same authority, 12 centimetres = 4- 7 2 

 inches for males, being the difference between 163 centimetres = 64. 17 inches, and 175 

 centimetres = 68-89 inches; and 12 centimetres = 4* 7 2 inches for females, being the 

 difference between 161 centimetres = 63-38 inches, and 173 centimetres = 67- n inches. 

 But here Liharzig appears to underestimate the average difference between the sexes 

 at the age of twenty-five. See Taff. iv. and v. and p. 15. 



1 Such for example are the brachy cephalic skulls of which a record is given under the 

 following titles and at the specified pages of 'British Barrows': — 'Goodmanham, cxvii. 1/ 

 p. 326; 'Rudstone, lxiii. 3,' and '6,' p. 248; 'Rudstone, Ixvi. 1,' p. 254; 'Rudstone, 

 ccxxxiv. 4,' p. 555 ; * Weaverthorpe, xlvi. 4,' p. 200; * Weaverthorpe, xlvii. 5,' p. 195; 

 » Brough, xxi. 6,' p. 163; 'Fiixton, lxxi. 6/ p. 276; 'Sherburn Wold, ix. 2,' p. 148. With 

 these skulls may be compared the Ancient British Skull from Codford figured in the 

 'Crania Britannica,' pi. xiv., by Dr. Barnard Davis; in the 'Canadian Journal,' No. xli., 

 Sept. 1862, by Professor Daniel Wilson, and stated to have a cubical content of 

 82 cub. inches, a circumference of 20 inches, and a cephalic index of 83. Such again 

 is the Danish cranium from Moen, a cast of which (No. 5710) maybe seen in the 

 Museum of the London College of Surgeons ; and such would appear to be the skulls 

 described by Holder as the female form of his ' Ligurian ' type, ' Archiv fur Anthro- 

 pologic/ ii. p. 55. As also the female skulls described by me, ' Archaeologia,' xlii. p. 457. 



2 See 'Journal Anthrop, Instit.' Oct. 1875, vol. v. pp, 124, 125, where I write as 

 follows : — 



' By an " ill-filled " skull, Professor Cleland tells us, he means a skull the exterior 

 surface of which is marked by a " mesial and two lateral ridges on the roof, with flat- 

 ness of the adjacent surfaces," which has " its position of greatest breadth high up 

 upon the parietal bones." The mesial carina may, I would add, be prolonged in such 

 skulls over the frontal bone, and the frontal tubera may retain their infant-like pro- 

 minence. To these peculiarities I would further add the presence of two depressions 

 on the exterior of the skull, corresponding to convexities on its interior surface, as 

 completing in many ancient and modern savage crania the character of "ill-filledness." 

 One of these depressions is well known as the " post-coronal furrow," but inasmuch as 

 the mesial vertical carina often developed in male skulls may be, and often is, continued 

 along the line of the sagittal suture, so as to divide the so-called "furrow" into two 

 part?, this name is not a happy one. The second of these depressions corresponds to 

 a part of the parietal bone which lies a little above its posterior inferior angle, and 

 immediately, therefore, above the part of the bone which is furrowed internally for 

 the lateral sinuses. As in the former case, an inward growth corresponds to the 

 outwardly visible concavity, so that much such an appearance is produced as we can 

 imagine would have resulted from pinching in the skull walls over this area, had they 

 been plastic. I have been able to demonstrate the rationale of these depressions in the 

 following manner. By removing from a skull, with its brain in situ, the greater part 

 of its roof, but leaving of this structure one antero-posteriorly-running arch of bone, 



