262 GENERAL REMARKS 



intended to be implied by the application of Professor Cleland's 

 expressive epithet ' ill-filled ; ' I may here add that a good rationale 

 of most of them, such for example as their wall-sidedness, their 

 retention of the prominence of frontal and parietal tubera, and the 

 stops on either side of their sagittal vertical line, is given in the 



corresponding to the sagittal, and two transversely-running half-arches, corresponding 

 respectively to the half of the coronal and the half of the lambdoid sutures on one 

 Bide, the exact position of all the main convolutions and fissures of the brain can be 

 shown in their normal relations to these landmarks in the vault of the skull. It will 

 make the matter plainer, and at the same time facilitate the production of similar 

 preparations in other museums, to say that a brain under such surroundings presents 

 something of the appearance in the skull which a living head does when subjected to 

 measurement in such a cephalometer as that of M. Antelme (see ' Mem. Soc. Anthrop. 

 de Paris,' torn. i. pi. vi. fig. 2). By means of such a preparation it is easy to show 

 that the post-coronal depression in the roof of the skull does not correspond, as 

 supposed by the late Dr. Thurnam ('Nat. Hist. Review,' April 1, 1865, p. 267), to 

 the fissure of Rolando, but to the deep, often wide, fissure which divides the superior 

 frontal convolution into two well-defined lobes, and abuts upon the ascending frontal 

 convolution by a terminal bifurcation into two arms of considerable length. This 

 fissure, as is well known, exists, and has often been described and figured, in the brains 

 of the anthropomorphous apes, in the crania of which animals the post-coronal 

 depression is sometimes indicated when the sagittal carina is absent. Similarly, the 

 second of the depressions which I have noted as commonly present in the postero- 

 inferior part of the parietals of " ill-filled " skulls, may be seen to correspond to a 

 certain multi-radiate fissure frequently noticeable on the posterior or convex aspect of 

 the middle temporo-sphenoidal convolution, but as far as I know, not named by any 

 of the numerous writers who have followed Gratiolet in describing the convolutions 

 and fissures of the cerebrum. 



' Professor Bischoff however, in his well-known paper on " Die Grosshirnwindungen 

 des Menschen " (in the " Abhandlungen der k. Bayer. Akademie der Wiss." ii. Classe, 

 x. Band, ii. Abtheil. 1868, pp. 448, 450, 495 ; or " Separat-Abdruck," pp. 58, 60, 105, 

 Tafel x. fig. 7) speaks of certain fissures, without any well-defined character, which 

 appear on the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes, and says that they 

 correspond to a " fissura occipitalis externa" which appears in the human foetus, but is 

 normally limited in duration to the seventh and eighth months of intra-uterine life. 

 Though brachycephalic skulls have not as yet been proved to have been found in 

 Great Britain in any primary interments in the barrows of which I am writing, and 

 though brachycephalic skulls from the United Kingdom and indeed, I am inclined 

 to think, from European countries generally, are ordinarily well- and not "ill-filled" 

 skulls, it may, nevertheless, be allowable to say here that the " brachycephali angus- 

 tiores" (see "Phil. Trans." 1870, p. 148), as Professor Cleland would call the brachy- 

 cephali of several other parts of the world, frequently present the depressions of 

 which I have been writing. An excellent instance of the postero-parietal inward 

 pinching of the skull-walls was furnished to me quite recently by a Maori skull 

 presented to the University Museum by Dr. Batt, the skull having a latitudinal index 

 of 79, and possessing also markedly the contour which induced Retzius to class the 

 Maoris as brachycephali.' Since writing as above, I have noted on both sides of the 

 brain of a Malay a depression which must have had a very considerable postero- 

 parietal depression of the cranial walls corresponding to it. 



