UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 279 



the two prehistoric races with which we are dealing, most im- 

 portantly, we have in this country dolichocephaly combined with 

 low stature and with dark complexion in a very considerable 

 number of our population, even in districts such as the Midland 

 Counties, where the names of the towns and villages show that 

 the Saxon and Danish conquerors occupied it in for the time 

 entirely overwhelming numbers. The fact of the existence of 

 this stock, or, we may perhaps say, of its survival and its re- 

 assertion of its own distinctive character in the districts of Derby, 

 Stamford, Leicester, and Loughborough, was pointed out in the 

 year 1848 by the late Professor Phillips, at a meeting of the 

 British Association at Swansea (see Report, p. 99). More extended 

 observations, but to the same effect, are put on record by Dr. 

 Beddoe ('Mem. Soc. Anth. London,' ii. p. 350) in the following 

 words : ' Of twenty-five Englishmen having black or brownish- 

 black hair, the average index of head-breadth is so small as 76*5, 

 which is the lowest I have met with in any set of men. Eight 

 Welshmen having black hair yielded the same modulus to a 

 fraction as thirty-eight who had hair of other colours, though I 

 must concede that eight black-haired Kerrymen had heads broader 

 by i per cent, than twenty-four others. The observations of my 

 friend Mr. Hector Maclean on the islanders of Islay and Colonsay 

 bear me out on this point very strongly, his black-haired men^ 

 twenty in number, yielding a modulus of seventy-six, or 3 per 

 cent, less than that of their lighter-haired neighbours. Mr. Mac- 

 lean's measurements and my own both indicate that a notable, though 

 not very great inferiority in stature and bulk, does, on the average, 

 characterise the black-haired type.' 



The tall, powerfully-made brachycephalous Briton of the round- 

 barrow period all but certainly presented much the same combina- 

 tion of physical peculiarities as the modern Finn and Dane, whilst 

 of the feebler folk of the long-barrow times we may say with 

 nearly equal probability that they possessed, like the modern 

 English, Irish, Scotch, and Italian of similarly low stature, the 

 ' colorati vultus ' ascribed by Tacitus to the Silures, and supposed by 

 him to furnish some ground for connecting them with the Spanish. 



think almost all the swarthy men were small. Many were very swarthy. Many of 

 the middle class not Bretons are ludicrously brachycephalic, and their necks often 

 thicker than most English besides.' 



