UPON THE SEEIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 303 



exhibited more or less disease ; and in forty -four other skulls ranged 

 with the long-barrow series, some from Mr. Bateman's Derbyshire 

 series and some from other sources, much wearing down of the teeth 

 and nine cases of caries were noted ; but alveolar abscesses were 

 comparatively rare. In the Park Cwm tumulus in the peninsula of 

 Gower, South Wales, described by Sir John Lubbock (' Journal 

 Ethn. Soc. London,' vol. ii. 1870, pp. 416-419), and of the same 

 'horned' character and possibly of the same race and time as the 

 Gloucester tumuli next to be spoken of, amongst skeletal remains 

 representing twenty-four individuals, twenty-one of whom were 

 adults, Dr. D. M. Douglas found c the teeth wonderfully preserved, 

 very good and regular,' and ' only two that exhibited signs of decay 

 during life.' In my examination of the entire series of bones, frag- 

 mentary as well as perfect, from several chambers in long barrows 

 in Gloucestershire, I find very much the same state of things which 

 Mr. Mummery has described from the Wiltshire burials of the same 

 period. Ten lower jaws, nine of which were from persons beyond 

 the age of puberty, were recovered from a chamber in the long 

 barrow described by Canon Greenwell, ' British Barrows,' pp. 514- 

 520, and by me in the ' Journal of the Anthrop. Instit.,' Oct. 1875, 

 p. 160 (Article XVIII); and of them I write (I.e.), 'In none of 

 these lower jaws had any teeth been lost before death, in only one 

 is there any caries visible, and in one other (of an old woman) 

 there is a cavity formed by an alveolar abscess in connection with 

 a lower front molar worn down to the fangs and with its pulp 

 cavities almost obliterated by osteodentine.' Similarly of the six 

 lower jaws, all but one of which must have belonged to strong 

 adult men, recovered from a chamber in the long barrow at Upper 

 Swell described by Canon Greenwell in 'British Barrows,' p. 521, 

 and by me in Article XVIII, I write, 'In every case but one 

 the full number of teeth was retained up to the time of death, 

 even though the teeth are very much worn in most cases, and in 

 some even down to close upon the fangs. There was only one 

 case of caries.' I should have added that some traces of an alveolar 

 abscess are to be seen in the jaw which had lost teeth before death, 

 and tbat this jaw appears to have belonged to a man, whilst the jaw 

 with caries belonged probably to a woman. 



On the other hand, of the teeth of three females, also already 

 described by me and all undoubtedly from the stone and bone 



