312 GENERAL REMARKS 



transversely oblong outline which their orbital border sometimes 

 assumes, as in the skulls ' Heslerton Wold,' described and figured 

 at pp. 181-182, and f Rudstone, lxiii/ described and figured at 

 pp. 190, e. s., is due to an excessive downgrowth of the supraciliary 

 ridges, rather than to any curtailment of the distance between the 

 actual roof of the orbit and its inferior or maxillary border. In 

 other words, just as the prognathism of modern savages may depend 

 simply upon increase in size of the anterior alveolar segment of the 

 upper jaw, so a low orbital index may be and often is due to a 

 downgrowth of the upper border of the orbit, which comes thus to 

 lie in a plane much lower than that which the true roof of the orbit 

 occupies. 



Professor Broca, in his account of the skulls from the Caverne de 

 l'Homme Mort (' Rev. Anth.' 1. c. pp. 26-28), after enumerating the 

 various points in which those nineteen crania contrast and agree 

 severally with those of the earlier race represented at Les Eyzies on 

 the one hand, and with those of later races on the other, declares 

 himself of opinion that the race to which they belong, whilst affined 

 to the palaeolithic man, has no longer any distinct representatives 

 upon the area which it once, however imperfectly, occupied. It 

 must be very difficult to attain to anything like perfect certainty 

 upon such a point in view on the one side of the tenacity with 

 which so-called ' indigenous ' or ' autochthonous ' races retain, in 

 whatever political or social status, a foothold in their ' aboriginal ' 

 country ; and, on the other, of the modifying influence which the 

 introduction of agricultural and other improvements may have ex- 

 ercised in the course of many centuries. Without going, however, 

 further into this question, I will say that a comparison of the skulls 

 here dealt with from the stone and bronze periods with those of 

 the mediaeval and modern tenants of these islands, coupled with 

 other considerations and carried on for a considerable number of 

 years, has inclined me to hold that the two prehistoric races, 

 though outnumbered greatly by Anglo-Saxons, are still represented 

 in the population of Great Britain and Ireland. The short- 

 statured, dark-haired, long-headed race which is found not only 

 making up nearly the whole population of large ' Welsh '-speaking 

 districts in W 7 ales itself and in the Highlands of Scotland, but also 

 mixed up, and in very large proportions, with the population oc- 

 cupying midland-county districts usually held to have been entirely 



