UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 313 



Saxonised and Danicised, as pointed out long ago (see p. 279 supra) 

 by Professor Phillips, we have many reasons for holding to be the 

 lineal descendants of our long-barrow people. In the north of 

 England we find that the neolithic race amalgamated peacefully 

 with the brachycephalic stock which taught them the use of 

 bronze ; and in the early iron period (see p. 283 supra) the earlier 

 race appears to have regained some of its numerical preponderance, 

 the late Celts from the East Riding and elsewhere north of York- 

 shire having been mostly dolichocephalic. The bronze-using race 

 seems, in the southern parts of this country, to have more com- 

 pletely absorbed or destroyed the dolichocephalic than it did in the 

 north, resembling in this the dolmen-builders of France, whose pre- 

 dominance brought about an almost entire disappearance of their 

 neolithic and troglodytic predecessors (see Broca, ■ Revue d' Anthro- 

 pologic,' ii. pp. 49, 50, iv. p. 608). Still a race with many of the 

 physical peculiarities of the long-barrow people is represented in 

 great abundance in the cemeteries of the centuries during which 

 this county was divided into Roman latifundia and forest-land ; and 

 whatever may have been their social or political status, the dolicho- 

 cephali enjoy in such interments a great numerical superiority as 

 compared with the brachycephali. The ' Saxon ' or * English ' 

 conquerors of this country have been shown (see 'Archaeologia,' xlii. 

 p. 460; 'Proceedings of the Royal Institution,' 1870, p. 118) from 

 the examination of their burial-grounds, as well as of other evidence, 

 to have displaced the population they found in occupation of it as 

 entirely and completely 1 as it has ever been found possible for in- 

 vaders to do. The existence in the England of those days of large 

 woods and forests and marshes, a point dwelt upon by Professor 

 Pearson at pp. 4 and 24, and illustrated by several of his ' Historical 

 Maps of England/ must have made the entire extirpation of the 

 Romano-British population an impossibility 2 ; and enables us to 



1 In this, which appears to have been a very thoroughly Teutonised district, the 

 crania of the present agricultural population appear to me to be very closely similar 

 to or indeed scarcely distinguishable from those of the Saxons of the times when they 

 first discontinued cremation. 



1 Captain Thomas ('Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot.,' April, 1876, xi. part ii. p. 504) may be 

 quite right as to his ' theory of the entire removal by slaughter or flight of the Celtic 

 people' of the Hebrides ; but the evidence from 4 place-names' is not by itself suffi- 

 cient to support this conclusion. The ' place-names ' in many districts of England in 

 which the so-called ' Black Celts ' are still largely represented will be found to be 

 exclusively Scandinavian or Saxon. Small islands of course which have neither dense 



