314 GENERAL REMARKS 



understand how even in the time of Canute British outlaws carried 

 on brigandage even in such counties as Huntingdonshire. 



There is of course no need to adduce any argument in favour of 

 the self-evident proposition that the brachycephalic metal-using 

 Celt was in date but of yesterday as compared with the troglodytic 

 men of the continent ; but the line of argument which may be 

 employed in favour of this conclusion as regards the neolithic 

 man of our long barrows, that, namely, such as it is, which rests 

 upon the continuity of descent which appears to connect this stock 

 with the dark Welsh and Gael of our own days and country, would 

 not admit of being so used as regards the later race. For, as has 

 been above (pp. 22,6, 227, 281) pointed out 1 , the cranial and 

 skeletal characters of the bronze- using Celt are very closely similar 

 to those of the mediaeval and modern Dane ; and this similarity 

 must of course make it difficult to decide whether the brachy- 

 cephalism of many crania procurable from mediaeval and especially 

 urban mediaeval interments, is to be referred to the persistence of 

 such a brachycephalic prehistoric stock, or to the admixture of 

 Danish blood in historic times upon which writers such as Worsaae 

 ('The Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland,' 

 1852) and Isaac Taylor ('Words and Places,' 1865, p. 183) have 

 insisted with so much force. The discovery however by Dr. 

 Thurnam and myself 2 of numerous skeletons of a typically brachy- 

 cephalic tribe in a tumulus belonging to a period close upon 

 that of the Saxon invasion, and situated at Crawley in Oxford- 

 woods nor lofty mountains to serve as refuges to their occupants may, as the miserable 

 history of the Greek Archipelago has shown from the time of Datis and Artaphernes 

 (Hdt. vi. 31) down to our own, have their inhabitants entirely extirpated. And this 

 may have been the case when the Hebrides were invaded by the Northmen. But as 

 regards larger islands and continental areas the lines from Wordsworth's * Poems 

 dedicated to National Independence and Liberty,' 



' Two voices are there ; one is of the sea, 

 One of the mountains,' 

 need to be supplemented by a mention of woodlands. 



1 The very frequent discovery of amber ornaments in round barrows may be fairly 

 .considered as an argument in favour of their ' Cimbric ' or ' Baltic ' origin. Mr. Spence 

 Bate (see 'Trans. Devon Assoc' 1872) considers the beautiful amber dagger-pommel 

 found in a round barrow on Dartmoor as evidence for the ' Scandinavian ' character 

 of the interment. For amber- ornaments on bronze weapons, see Montelius, ' Congr. 

 Internat. Anth. C. R. Stockholm,' ii. 833, and ' Catalogue, Stockholm Museum,' 1876, 

 p. 40. 



2 ' Archaeologia,' 1870, xlii. p. 175, and supra, p. 255, note. 



