322 APPENDIX. 



pottery found in the other. If we are to reason about these as we do 

 about other facts of distribution in space and time, we must hold that a 

 greater uniformity existed in the forms of vegetable and a much greater 

 in the forms of animal life over the whole of this country in prehistoric 

 than in recent times ; and that the districts in question may be likened 

 to islands which have been separated from each other by the encroach- 

 ments, sometimes more, sometimes less gradual, of an invading sea. If 

 a greater mass of material has been available to me in the barrows 

 themselves than has been to some other writers upon the subject of the 

 fauna of prehistoric times, it must be said on the other side that my 

 investigations have been confined to the ' houses of the dead ;' and that 

 I am not here writing of the relics to be found in such greater 

 abundance in what were ' the houses of the living/ viz. cave- and pile- 

 dwellings. In the largest long barrow indeed, that at Crosby Garrett 

 (see p. 510 'British Barrows'), which I have examined, I noted that of all 

 the animal bones found, only one single fragment could be said to have 

 been proved to have owed its introduction to the race which reared the 

 barrow. And though in many barrows considerable numbers of such 

 bones have been found, the remains of the funeral feast have not been 

 so productive, as indeed they could not have been expected to be, as the 

 rubbish-pits or the floors of the dwellings of ancient times have been to 

 other investigators. 



I. Of the Prehistoric Flora of this Country in the 

 Neolithic Period. 



The palaeolithic man had before his eyes a country, the hills, valleys, 

 and plains of which had somewhat different contours from those upon 

 which the neolithic man lived his hunting or pastoral life. But the 

 position of the long barrows and forts, reared by the later race of men 

 in places of vantage as regards prospect and elevation, shows us that the 

 solid earth on which they trod has had its escarpments and its river- 

 courses subjected to but little change since their time. 



The landscape however upon which his eyes rested was nevertheless 

 a very different jone from that which meets ours now in any but the 

 wildest districts of this country. The characters of a landscape at 

 various periods depend mainly upon its vegetation, and if the indigenous 

 trees of Great Britain have not been so entirely out-numbered and the 

 character of its summer and indeed winter clothing of leaves so entirely 

 changed by foreign immigrations, as Victor Hehn in his interesting 

 work, ' Kulturpflanzen und Hausthiere,' 1870, pp. 2, 314, 392, is in- 



