330 APPENDIX. 



i balanus capillis ' and the ' balanatum gausape,' finer ware than that of 

 these diminutive amphorae would, I think, have been used, for finer ware 

 is usually present in abundance in such collections, and was, as I have 

 noted, 1. c, specially abundant in the case specified ; whilst, as was 

 pointed out to me by Mr. Wm. Hatchett Jackson, of the University 

 Museum, small jars of much the same contour, if not of the same paste, 

 are still largely used in the honey trade of Narbonne. The sale of 

 honey was amongst the ' patrias artes ' of the Ligurian of the times of 

 Diodorus and Strabo \ and fashions and patterns which have once been 

 in vogue in such trades are often very persistent. 



Strong evidence of the literary and historical kind (q. v.) is brought 

 forward by Mr. J. Thrupp, in his interesting article on the ' Domes- 

 tication of Animals in England' (' Trans. Ethn. Soc. London/ 1865, New 

 Series, vol. iv. p. 169), in favour of the conclusion that ' in the sixth and 

 seventh centuries bees were altogether wild' in this country. The 

 history of the words used for ' hive ' appears to show that the first step 

 towards the domestication of the bee by the English was ' the formation 

 of imitations in bark (rusca, see Ducange, sub voc.) of the hollows of 

 the trees in which they were found.' About the middle of the tenth 

 century we read of Anglo-Saxon ' beo-churls ; ' and we find ' the Anglo- 



1 Diodorus (v. 34) writes thus of the Celtiberians (in the connection already referred 

 to, p. 635 supra) : TpoQcus oe xP& VTa i- Kpeacrt iravroSarroTs Kal datpt\(ffi Kal olvofieKiros 

 irofxaTi, xoprjyovffrjs 7-775 x^pas to fxe\i irapnrXTjOes. It may be an overstraining of the 

 words to suggest that the six last quoted may be considered to indicate that wild rather 

 than hive honey was in the mind of the writer. The words of his contemporary Strabo 

 are in a parallel passage (iv. 6, 2, p. 168, ed. Muller, 1853) to the following effect : — 

 Aiyves, fauns and Opefifxarocv rb ir\eov Kal yaXatcros Kal KpiOivov Trd/iaros, vtp.6p.evoi rd 

 T€ irpbs dak&Trri, x^P 10 - Ka ^ T0 ir\4ov T<i opt) . . v\r\v TtapvnoWrp/ vavirrjyrjcnfiov Kal p.e- 

 yaKodevSpuv . . . Kardyovaiv els to kputopiov rfjv Tivovav Kal dpepipiara Kal Sepfiara Kal 

 fx.i\t . . . nXeovdfa Se Kal to Xiyyovpiov trap' avrois o rtves tf\eKpov irpoaayoptvovcri. 



M. Escher vom Berg, ' Mittheil. Ant. Gesell. Zurich,' Rapp. vi. Pfahlbauten, p. 34, 

 suggests that the straining of honey off the comb may have been the use to which 

 were put such perforated dishes as that figured by Keller, I.e., taf. v. fig. 26, p. 270, 

 or ed. Lee, pi. lii. B, fig. 1. See also De*sor, ' Le Bel Age du Bronze,' p. 12, fig. 22, and 

 Schliemann, 'Trojanische Alterthumer,' tab. 174, fig. 3377. Usually such perforations 

 are held to have been intended for filtering whey off curds, in accordance with the 

 Homeric words, Od. ix. 222, 223 : — 



Naiov 8' 6pS> ayyta irdvra 

 TavXoi T€ OKa<pio€$ t« mvyp.kva. 

 But we may suppose that in such descriptions as this we have traditions of a much 

 earlier period than those we are here concerned with, preserved for us. It is right 

 however to add that Herr Edmund v. Fellenberg, ' Bericht uber die Pfahlbauten des 

 Bielersees, S. A. 1875,' pp. 55-61, suggests yet another application, that of fumi- 

 gation, for these vessels. Honey however is so strained in certain Swiss valleys at 

 the present day. 



