PEEHISTOKIC FAUNA. 339 



Anth. Inst./ vol. vi. (Article xix.), I have never met with its remains in 

 any barrow, though the domesticated variety had been represented in 

 several of both periods. Subsequently the tusk of a wild boar was 

 found in the Nether Swell long barrow. The lower part of the hori- 

 zontal ramus of the lower jaw of a wild boar found at Cissbury had been 

 broken away, as has so often been noted in other instances, for the pur- 

 pose of extracting the marrow; and the same practice had been put in 

 force with the remains of two tame pigs found (' British Barrows,' 

 p. 454) immediately behind the head of a female skeleton of the late 

 Celtic period. The domestic British pig does not seem to me to differ 

 in any important particulars from the races which we believe to be the 

 descendants of the wild boar. Two bronze statuettes of the Gallo- 

 Roman period given me by Mr. John Evans, as also many antique 

 Italian terra-cotta figures, show that the Bomans in Gaul knew both the 

 long-snouted wild-boar-like breed and the shorter-snouted better-bred 

 race. The same contrast is shown in two plates (pi. iii. 4, pi. v. 5) of 

 Sambon's 'Recherches sur les Monnaies Antiques de l'ltalie,' Naples, 

 1870, the former of which gives us a pig with a very long and slender 

 snout, whilst in the latter, which represents a sow suckling three young 

 ones, we have, together with the pendent ears, so usually though not 

 invariably characteristic of domestication, the short snout bent upwards 

 so as to form, as in our best breeds, an angle with the plane of the 

 sagittal suture along the roof of the skull. Columella may be cited in 

 support of the same view, as he (lib. viii. cap. 9) says that pigs with 

 such short and recurved snouts were preferred to those of a different 

 frontal profile ; * Quare in suillo pecore probandi sunt . . . rostri brevi- 

 bus et resupinis/ But I have not found the skulls of this ' Cultur- 

 Race ' in British burial-places, and the tenacity with which very different 

 races have maintained themselves in very many parts even of our less 

 wild districts up to quite recent memory makes this the less remarkable. 

 The figures of the boar upon coins and shields of the late Keltic period, 

 i. e. from circa 200 B.C. to circa 80 A.D., might perhaps be taken as con- 

 firming the conclusion which my examination of the osteological remains 

 (given at length in the ' Trans. Linnaean Soc. Zool. Series,' vol. ii. 

 1877, Article xxx.) had led me to, had they been more frequently and 

 more distinctively than they are, figures of domesticated as opposed to 

 wild animals. Still, what Mr. Franks writes (' Horae Ferales,' p. 188, 

 pi. xiv.) is to the purpose in this connection, especially if we compare the 

 plate referred to by him with plates vi, viii, xii, and xiii of Mr. Evans's 

 1 British Coins.' Mr. Franks's words (1. c.) are as follows :— ' The boar 

 as seen on the Witham shield appears only on the older or autonomoua 



Z 2 



