350 APPENDIX. 



flore comme les cereales elles-m&me elles ont suivi le sort de ces derni&res, 

 et nous sont venues d'Orient, peut-e'tre avec les premiers colons la- 

 custres.' 



Dr. Oswald Heer, however, a botanist of whose investigations Switzer- 

 land ma) 7 justly be proud, in laying these facts before the world, as in 

 Troyon's ' Habitations lacustres/ p. 443, and Keller's ' Lake Dwellings/ 

 transl. Lee, p. 344, appears to adhere to the second of the two views 

 above stated ; as indeed Keller himself does (1. c. pp. 56 and 309) in the 

 following words used of another product foreign to Switzerland, namely, 

 nephrit : ' It was not brought by the settlers with them from their earlier 

 abodes, but was acquired by barter in later times, after they had lived 

 for centuries in the lake-dwellings of our country.' In the second of 

 the two passages referred to Keller says distinctly : ' There is no ground 

 for concluding that successive peoples of different races or civilisations 

 have occupied these lake-dwellings, one of which has chased the other 

 from its abodes in order to occupy them themselves/ 



In spite of this, however, scientific opinion in Switzerland seems to me 

 to gravitate rather in the direction of the former of these two views. 

 And this I say, though Herr Edmund v. Fellenberg (' Bericht,' 1. c. p. 1 5) 

 puts both of them forward without distinctly indicating to which of the 

 two he inclines. He points out that the two minerals nephrit and 

 jadeit are found only in Central Asia, China, New Zealand, and South 

 America ; that only a single unworked block, and that one probably 

 dropped by the importers, has been found in Europe at Schwemmsal in 

 Saxony; and that the usually sharp and little worn- down implements 

 and weapons made of these two highly resistant minerals are found in 

 somewhat different proportions in different parts of Switzerland, the 

 nephrit- preponderating in the eastern and the jadeit-weapons in the 

 western lake-dwellings ; but he sums up the discussion by asking im- 

 partially, * Sollten Einwanderungen von verschiedenen Seiten stattge- 

 funden haben, oder hatten diese Stamme Handelsbeziehungen nach 

 verschiedenen Eichtungen hin 1 ?' 



The third view, diametrically opposed to the two first enunciated, was 

 put forward by M. Dupont, with the protection of the honoured name of 

 Steenstrup, at the meeting of the International Anthropological Congress 

 at Stockholm in 1874, in the following words ('Compte Kendu/ 

 p. 821):— 



1 Mr. H. Cayley's valuable account of his own visit to the old Jade quarries of 

 Kuenltin given in Macmillan's Magazine for October, 1871, appears to have escaped 

 the all but exhaustive research displayed in Dr. Heinrich Fischer's 'Nephrit und 

 Jadeit,' already referred to, p. 347. 



