ON THE PEOPLE OF THE LONG-BAEKOW PERIOD. 367 



of a dog buried with the woman's skeleton; whilst a similar 

 receptacle in the same barrow, examined by Canon Greenwell 

 contained parts of no less than ten human skeletons, all but one 

 of which had belonged to adults, packed together within an 

 irregularly-shaped space,, which was 8 feet 6 inches long, and 

 4 feet broad at one end and 3 feet at the other. When these 

 crowded masses of bones are looked at in situ, they strike the 

 observer as having certain sets amongst them left in their natural 

 relations and juxtapositions, whilst certain other bones have been 

 somehow dislocated away from their normal connections. The 

 upper cervical vertebrae, for example, I find myself to have noted 

 as retaining, in many eases, their position of approximation to the 

 lower jaw and the base of the skull ; the same is recorded occa- 

 sionally of a larger or smaller number of the dorsal and lumbar 

 vertebrae, and of the patellae in their relations to the tibiae and 

 femora, whilst portions of the pelvis, of the feet, of the humerus, 

 and of the scapular arch, may also be found all close together. It 

 may be well to give here an extract from the notes taken of part of 

 the excavation carried out in a cremation long barrow near Kirkby 

 Stephen, in Westmoreland : — 



'Monday, Aug. 24, 1874. — Two strong adult men were repre- 

 sented, within a circle of 1 foot 6 inches diameter, by portions of their 

 lower jaws, of their skulls, of their second cervical vertebrae, and of 

 their scapulae. A fragment of an occipital bone was seen looking up- 

 wards, with the proximal end of a right humerus on one side of it, 

 and the distal of a left one on the other, and portions of an atlas 

 also in relation with it. But fragments proving the presence of two 

 odontoid vertebrae, and shortly afterwards of two lower jaws, were 

 found close by, as also an os calcis and an astragalus, which last 

 were less than an inch from a clavicle, whilst, finally, a number of 

 vertebrae were found in apposition, and parts of two scapulae were 

 in relation with the head.' 



In the case of a third skeleton, out of the seven found in this 

 barrow, a patella, the only one found in the entire set, was found 

 in apposition with the proximal end of a tibia. In the cases of 

 the bones whence evidence was drawn for the presence of four 

 other burnt skeletons in this large barrow, it seemed from their 

 condition of arrangement, or rather disarrangement, that they 

 must have been disarticulated before they were burnt. 



