394 ON THE PEOPLE OF THE LONG-BARROW PERIOD. 



sheep, and of several human subjects, young and old. But the most 

 striking 'find' in the cist was in the north-east corner. There, 

 between two large stones, were found, lying in situ, the femora, 

 humeri, ulnae, radii, clavicles, pelvis, rib, and many vertebrae of a 

 woman past the middle period of life. She had been laid on her 

 left side ; and between her chest and the north w 7 all of the cist lay 

 the pelvis and leg bones of a young dog, which we may, with some 

 probability — bearing in our recollection the interesting account 

 by an eye-witness, Ahmed Ibn-Fozlau, of the incremation of a 

 Norse chief, translated for us by Holmboe and Anderson 1 — suppose 

 to have been put into the grave to keep his aged mistress com- 

 pany, there and elsewhere. The woman had been laid so that her 

 skull just projected beyond the slab upon which the upper trunk 

 bones were laid; and the skull had just escaped from being 

 smashed, when the top stone fell in, at the cost of being carried 

 off, probably by some mediaeval or later tomb-riflers, and so 

 lost to us. Half the lower jaw was still in situ, and has been 

 recovered. 



Swell i, Cist i. — Under this slab, together with the dog and 

 man, were the thigh bones of one of the children, and also femur of 

 sheep. The low T er jaw of the old woman was feeblish, as compared 

 with some of the male jaws, but not with all, from these barrows. 

 It had lost no teeth from the half we recovered, during life, though 

 the teeth were very much worn down, and the first molar, notably, 

 down to its fangs ; in connexion with both of which there were 

 alveolar abscesses. 



The femur, 16 inches long, of the woman, laid in company with 

 the young dog, gives a stature of 4 feet 10 inches. It is consider- 

 ably flattened from before backwards, in the region of the insertion 

 of the glutaeus maximus, but the insertion of this muscle is at the 

 free edge of the bone. The whole bone, and others with it, under 

 the label, ' Cist in situ, Swell vi,' gives the idea of their owner 

 having had hard work and poor food, being as they are, slight, but 

 with rough ridges. The other adult bones may have belonged, and 

 probably did belong, to a man beyond the middle period of life, 

 of moderate strength ; many of the bones are exostotic, as would 



1 'Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot.,' May 13, 1872. Compare Nillson, 'Primit. Scandin.,' ed. 

 Lubbock, pp. 140, 150; Trilford Graves,' p. 9; ' Archaeologia,' xlii ; and Article 

 XXXIV. of this volume. 



