406 ON THE PEOPLE OF THE LONG-BARROW PERIOD. 



beyond it. The long exposure to indiscriminate plundering which, 

 this chamber had undergone, accounts for the fragmentary con- 

 dition to which most of the bones still left in it had been reduced ; 

 had a freer entrance been made into it, however, even what has been 

 saved to us would long ago have been irrevocably scattered. Some 

 of the long bones, however, have escaped, so as to allow us to 

 measure them, and draw from these measurements conclusions very 

 similar to those which the remains found in the two other long 

 barrows here described have enabled us to draw. Some of the 

 femora and some of the humeri, for example, must have belonged 

 to men of very great muscular power, whilst some of the other 

 long bones must have belonged to females of eminently small 

 size and strength. Two radii, for example, measuring, one of 

 them 8 t 3 q in., and the other 7^ in., and being exceedingly slender, 

 though obviously adult, enable us to say that their owners must 

 have been ill-nourished women, such as are the wives of savages, 

 of a stature, in the one case, of 4 ft. 9 in., and in the other of 4 ft. 7 in. 

 The femora of the male and female skeletons found lying at the 

 entrance to the chamber being i8«i in. and 15*9 in. in length, re- 

 spectively, give us for their owners the disproportionate statures 

 of 5 ft. 6 in. and 4 ft. 9 in., respectively. A similar disparity exists 

 between the clavicles ; an observation made, like several others re- 

 lating to this barrow, also in the cases of the other barrows examined 

 here, and in the case of the human remains from the caves 1 of 

 Gibraltar examined by Professor Busk. Six lower jaws were 

 recovered from this chamber, all but one of which must have be- 

 longed to strong adult men. The body of the bone lies, in nearly 

 every case, evenly, on a horizontal surface, and forms a right angle, 

 or something nearly approaching a right angle, with its ramus. 

 The mental foramen lies far back in several instances, and the 

 alveolar portion of the mental region is largely developed. In every 

 case but one the full number of teeth was retained up to the time 

 of death, even though the teeth are very much worn in most cases, 

 and in some even down to close upon the fangs. There was only 

 one case of caries. Mr. Mummery 2 has made similar observations 

 to these in relation to Dr. Thurnam's Wiltshire skulls, remarking, 

 in addition 3 , that a much less favourable state of things prevailed 



1 See ' Transactions Prehistoric Congress,' Third Session, p. 54. 

 2 'Transact. Odont. Society,' Nov. 1869, p. 13. 



