408 ON THE PEOPLE OF THE LONG-BARROW PERIOD. 



parietal tubera, which mark the point of its maximum breadth. 

 From this level the skull is wall-sided downwards, and to complete 

 the character of an ' ill-filled * ' skull, it slopes upwards from the 

 same level to the sagittal line. It further shows a flattening ex- 

 ternally and a convexity internally over the posterior inferior angles 

 of both parietals, an appearance corresponding to the presence of 

 certain irregular fissures in the brain, immediately posterior to the 

 middle temporo-sphenoidal convolutions, and indicative of a lowly 

 developed brain. The mastoid, the glabellar, and the supraciliary 

 ridges are largely developed, and the latter are not underlaid by 

 any frontal sinuses. 



Viewed in the norma verticalis, the skull is pear-shaped, tapering 

 rapidly from the level of the parietal tubera, both forwards and 

 backwards. The parietal tubera are situated well forward, occupy- 

 ing a point which is at the 105th division out of 189 of the line 

 of the whole length of the skull from the forehead backwards. The 

 occiput is blunted posteriorly ; and in these two latter particulars 

 the skull resembles the ' Sion types ' of His and Rutimeyer. It is 

 phaenozygous, as the c Sion types ' are sometimes, though not 

 always. The three principal sutures are complexly denticulated ; 

 the sagittal is nearly obliterated in the fifth of its length, cor- 

 responding to the entirely obliterated foramina emissaria. Internally 

 the obliteration of the sutures has progressed much further than it 

 has externally, and the walls of the skull are thick. In the norma 

 occipitalis the pentagonal outline is very well marked, the lateral 

 walls inclining inwards from the level of the tubera, and the roof 

 falling away from a well-marked sagittal elevation. The concepta- 

 cula cerebelli have the horizontal position so characteristic of doli- 

 chocephalic skulls. The palate is deep and elliptical. The wisdom 

 teeth are little worn ; the teeth anterior to them, on the contrary, 

 very much. The lower jaw lies evenly on a horizontal surface ; the 

 alveolar portion of the mentum is largely developed ; the inferiorly 

 placed, triangularly contoured portion of the chin is less in propor- 

 tion than is usual in European skulls. 



1 For use and application of this epithet, see Cleland, ' Phil. Trans.,' 1869. 



