ANIMAL REMAINS FOUND AT CISSBURY. 413 



individuals of this variety of Bos are represented in this collection ; 

 five are bones of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa v. domest., and give 

 proof of the presence of two individuals ; one bone only testifies to 

 the presence of the red deer, Cervus elapkus, so abundantly repre- 

 sented by its horns ; the roe, Cervus capreolus, is represented by a 

 piece of frontal bone carrying a nearly perfect horn, and also by a 

 seventh cervical vertebra. A large part of the skull of a goat, Capra 

 hircus, is labelled < Ked seam, large pit, 9 feet 6 inches beneath 

 surface.' 



The first remark to be made about this collection of bones is that 

 the smallness of their number is an argument in favour of the 

 pit having been filled up very soon after it was first excavated. 

 To this conclusion other considerations have been shown (see 

 1 Journal of Institute,' 1. c.pp. 381 and 386) to point. Eight bones 

 of the thirty bear labels which show that they were found below 

 the level of the ' red seam,' i. e. below the level to which the first 

 * filling up ' reached. These eight bones belong to the roe, the 

 domestic ox, and the goat respectively. There is one bone, a nasal, 

 which might have belonged to Bos primigenius, but it would not be 

 safe to speak positively as to thus identifying it. And dismissing 

 it from consideration, we have from this ■ large pit ' three domestic 

 animals, the cow, the goat, and the pig, accompanied by two wild 

 ones, the stag and the roe. The absence from this particular 

 collection, and, indeed, from the entire Cissbury series which has 

 come into my hands, of the dog, would be remarkable if we did 

 not bear in mind the short time for which these pits were ordi- 

 narily left open, and then consider at what widely distant intervals 

 in a modern household such an event as the death of a dog takes 

 place. The remains of the dog are found, though very sparingly, 

 in the earliest human habitations, ancient, like modern, savages 

 having domesticated it before they domesticated the pig ; and we 

 have Professor Boyd Dawkins' authority (see ■ Journal of Institute,' 

 1. c, p. 390) for saying that the dog, as well as the goat and the 

 Bos longifrons, were found by Mr. Tyndall in his pit, already dealt 

 with. The fauna of the 'large pit' may, perhaps, therefore be 

 considered to belong to a somewhat later date than that of Mr. 

 Tyndall's pit, as it comprises the domestic pig, which was not 

 reported to have been found amongst that collection, and is entirely 

 without any bones of the wild boar, and probably also without any 



