ANIMAL REMAINS FOUND AT CISSBURY. 423 



she was left to lie as she fell and where she fell, a circumstance 

 which needs explanation. 



The skeleton found as above described, in the skeleton shaft under 

 the ditch of the British fort at Cissbury, was that of a woman of 

 about twenty-five years of age, of low stature, 4 feet 9 inches, with 

 narrow shoulders and hips ; but with a large head of the low-lying 

 or 'tapeinocephalic' type, not rarely to be found, as remarked 

 ('Journal Ethn. Soc.,' Jan., 1871, p. 467) by Professor Busk, 

 amongst ' priscan,' as also amongst modern Tasmanian and Bush- 

 man skulls. As regards the limbs and the limb girdles, it may be 

 remarked that their characters are such as very completely to 

 remove any suspicion as to the assignment of the skeleton to the 

 female sex which the large cubic capacity of the skull might excite. 

 The measurements given below will speak for themselves, but it 

 may be well to state that, though each bone as a whole gives 

 an expression of lightness, and slightness, and consequently of 

 feebleness in its owner, there are some muscular ridges developed 

 with remarkable distinctness. The right clavicle is much shorter 

 and less curved than the left, but its muscular markings for the 

 pectoralis major, as also the markings on the humerus for the 

 insertion of that muscle and for that of the latissimus dorsi, when 

 compared with the corresponding points on the left side, show that 

 this woman was not left-handed. The two muscles named may have 

 taken on their increased development from exercise in climbing up 

 and down the shafts of the flint-mines. The development on each 

 femur of a third trochanter to receive the uppermost insertions of 

 the gluteus maximus admits, I think, of being explained by a 

 reference to the same practice, though the femora of the most 

 eminently arboreal of the lower animals do not bear out this 

 suggestion as regards the lower in the same way that they do 

 as regards the upper limbs. The linea aspera is replaced by a 

 depression from below the level of this third trochanter down 

 nearly to that of the foramen nutritium of the femur, and for the 

 distance corresponding with this depression the femur is much 

 flattened and flanged out. The lower part of the linea aspera is 

 much larger on the right side than the left, as though this woman 

 had used the right lower limb by preference, as well as the right 

 upper one. The tibiae are formed anteriorly platycnemic. Traces 

 only of the lines of junction between the epiphysis of the clavicle 



