NOTES' ON SKELETON FOUND AT CISSBURY. 431 



this uppermost streak of red mud had washed out of it all the 

 traces of lime and magnesia which were found in the lower streak 

 when examined chemically in Oxford. 



Two more layers were visible above this red streak ; the lower of 

 them was made up of chalk blocks, forming' a structure of from i$ 

 feet to 2 feet thickness. These blocks may obviously be supposed 

 to have been some of the blocks which had been taken out of the pit 

 whilst it was being excavated, and which after a long sojourn out- 

 side of it — long enough to allow of the formation of this second red 

 streak — had finally, either by man's aid or that of some other motor 

 force, been returned ' into the hole of the pit whence they were 

 digged.' The upper of the t\vo layers was made up of the black 

 mould from vegetable debris which forms the bottom of so many of 

 the cup-shaped depressions so characteristic of Cissbury. 



The 14 or 15 feet which intervened between the red streak, 

 about 5 feet long, upon which the body had been laid, and the 

 natural chalk at the bottom of the pit were occupied with large 

 blocks of chalk and smaller debris, which being of much the same 

 character as the Contents of the horizontal galleries in their neigh- 

 bourhood may reasonably be supposed to have been left at the 

 bottom of the pit to save the miners the trouble of carrying them 

 up. They were much agglutinated by fine infiltrated chalk which 

 had been deposited as the downward passing rain lost more and 

 more of its carbonic acid. 



It was in this deeper portion of the shaft that the following 

 animal remains were found : a horn of goat (Copra hircus) which 

 came from a level 33 feet from the surface ; some horns of red deer 

 (Cervus elaphis) which came from a level 20 feet from the surface ; 

 and some others from the galleries which branched off from the 

 bottom of the pit some 7 feet lower. In one of those galleries an 

 ox's scapula was found, April 8th l . 



Stone implements were found in considerable abundance in this 

 portion as in the rest of the filling up of the shaft. Some of them 

 were also of considerable beauty, as notably one found 6 feet from 

 the bottom of the cave, April 6th. It is worthy of notice that four 

 lumps of iron pyrites were found near the mouth of one of the 

 galleries, and about 4 feet to 5 feet from the bottom of the pit; and 

 near them were found from 300 to 400 flint chips in a heap. In 

 1 For use of scapula of ox as a shovel, see Gen. Lane Fox, 1. c., p. 383. 



