inn ii 1 1 nun mum 



FAUNA OF A CRANNOG. 457 



and a part of the ascending ramus and of that last molar itself, 

 which could, I think, by any possibility be referred to the wild 

 variety. And even here such a reference could only be justified on 

 the ground of the great degradation which the cusps of the tooth 

 have suffered, it being usually the case that domestic pigs are not 

 allowed to live sufficiently long to get their teeth so worn* down. 

 I have however to say that, both from this country and from 

 India, skulls of undoubtedly domestic animals of this species have 

 come into my hands, in which the teeth are worn down far below 

 the limits to which the molars of pigs are allowed to be worn down 

 by modern model-farm managers. 



The texture of the bone furnishes us with no indications, its 

 gloss and tenacity, if such it ever possessed, having been entirely 

 removed by its long maceration in water. 



It is however worth mentioning that this fragment from a 

 Scottish Crannog exactly reproduces the contour of a fragment 

 from the Starnberger See. (See memoir on this ' find ' in the 

 c Archiv fur Anthropologic,' viii. 1875.) In both the angle of 

 the jaw has been knocked away, for the sake, doubtless, of the soft 

 and succulent, and I may add sensitive, substances it protected 

 during life ; and in both the posterior molar has been left in situ, 

 though much worn down. The posterior molar however of the 

 foreign specimen has that superior development of its third molar, 

 which, if Nathusius (' Schweineschadel,' p. 49) had not taught us 

 better, might have been referred to domestication instead of to 

 better food or sexual (male) character. I owe this specimen to the 

 kindness of J. E. Lee, Esq., E.G.S., and though I hesitate in the 

 case of the Scottish specimen, I have no hesitation in referring 

 this one to the wild variety, as indeed it is referred under the 

 title Sus scrofa ferooc on the label it carried when it came into my 

 hands. 



The specimens of pigs' bones and of pigs' teeth are numerous, 

 but none other either of the bones or of the teeth are of the size, 

 strength, or proportions which would have enabled their owners to 

 hold their own as wild animals in a country in which the wolf may 

 still have existed *. 



The sheep, old dun-faced breed, Ovls aries, variety hrachyura. — 



1 For reference to the bibliography of Prehistoric Swine, see ' Linnean Soc. Trans.,' 

 ser. ii., Zool. vol. i. 1877, p. 272 ; also Article XXX. p. 547. 



