466 ON THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE BUSHMEN. 



less han 5-4 in. which, however, falls short of its absolute width, 

 which is no less than $-6 in., by which inferiority the tapeinocephalic 

 or platycephalic character which Mr. Busk ('Journal Ethn. Soc' 

 London, Jan. 1871) insisted upon as existing in Bushman crania is 

 preserved in it as well as in the two other crania just specified. 



Betzius, in a paper first published in Swedish in 1856, subse- 

 quently in German in Miiller's ' Archiv' for 1858, and fully repub- 

 lished in the posthumously issued (1864) ' Ethnologische Schriften/ 

 p. 149, after saying that he had before him only a single skull 

 of a Hottentot, and the figures which Blumenbach and Sandifort 

 had published of Hottentot and Bushman crania, declares himself 

 unable to detect any essential difference between such skulls and 

 those of true Negroes. His great authority therefore should not 

 be quoted to the disfavour of craniological evidence in this or any 

 other similar question, inasmuch as he only speaks, and avowedly, 

 from very scanty materials. 



If we begin our comparison of these two sets of crania by a 

 reference to the great distinction, pointed out by Betzius himself, 

 of brachycephalic from dolichocephalic crania, we have in the first 

 place to demur to the statement, 'In Afrika, fehlt, so viel man 

 bisher weiss, jedes Spur braehycephalischer Bevolkerung/ Against 

 it have to be set in the first place Professor Owen's words in the 

 old ' Osteological Catalogue/ 1853, p. 838, 5385, already referred to; 

 and in the second, Professor Flower's measurements (as recorded 

 in the new f Catalogue of the Specimens illustrating the Osteology 

 and Dentition of Vertebrated Animals,' pt. i. 1879, p. 232, 1238) 

 of the * articulated skeleton of a Negress, born in the United States 

 of North America, and about 16 years of age/ who was said, pre- 

 sumably by the donor, Professor L. J. Sand ford of Yale College, 

 ' to have presented all the external characters indicating purity of 

 race,' the cephalic or latitudinal index of the cranium belonging to 

 this skeleton being no less than *8n. But though this be so, 

 there is no doubt, firstly, that the immense majority of Negro 

 and of Caffre and Abantu crania are dolichocephalic, and some — such 

 for example as the Mozambique skull, casts of which were given by 

 the late J. South, Esq., F.R.S., to many museums — exaggeratedly 

 so; and secondly, that the cephalic index of the Bushman is con- 

 siderably higher on the average than that of the Negro. One of 

 my six Bushman crania (that named No. 1, Mr. F. Oates, 788 e) 



