468 ON THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE BUSHMEN. 



crania the alisphenoid is wide from before backwards, as though to 

 furnish adequate lodgment for the temporo-sphenoidal lobe of the 

 cerebrum, which we know, alike from Gratiolet (' Memoire sur les 

 Plis Cer^braux,' p. 97) and Professor John Marshall (' Phil. Trans.' 

 mdccclxiv, p. 510), to take a large development in the Bushman 

 race K 



I have in the next place to draw attention to a striking qualita- 

 tive or morphological peculiarity observable in no less than three 

 put of my six Bushman crania ; this being the presence either of a 

 perfect, or of a rudimentary division of the malar bone into two 

 distinct parts. The skull presented by Dr. Bleek presents us with 

 a perfect rectangular suture, bilaterally symmetrical, as is usually 

 the case with this suture both when it is and when it is, as here, 

 not, rudimentary. In the two skulls 788 e and 788 y, collected by 

 Mr. Frank Oates, the suture is rudimentary, being represented in 

 each skull by a bilaterally symmetrical fissure running horizontally 

 forwards from the zygomatico-malar articulation 2 . When I add to 

 these observations the fact that similar sutures have not within my 

 knowledge and research been observed in other African crania of 

 any of the varieties living on that continent, it will be seen that 

 the presence of them in these skulls goes a considerable way, when 

 coupled with other considerations, towards making it pretty certain 

 that they were of Bushman nationality. Further investigation 

 of the distribution and non-distribution of this most significant 

 suture amongst the several typical races of men lends some ad- 

 ditional force to this argument, and is besides not a little suggestive 

 as to other views. In the Oxford University collection of crania I 

 have not found any traces of it amongst forty-seven Australian, nor 

 amongst our five Tasmanian crania, nor amongst our Stone-age 



1 For the relation of the alisphenoid, squamous, and frontal, seeBroca, 'Instructions 

 Craniologiques/ pp. 26, 27, 1875 ; and Gruber, 'Ueber die Verbindung der Schlafen- 

 beinschuppe mit dem Stirnbein,' 'Mem. de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de 

 St. Petersbourg/ torn. xxi. no. 5, 1874. Hermann Schlocker, 'Ueber die Anomalieen 

 des Pterion;' Inaugural-Dissertation zur Univ. Dorpat, 1879. 



It is right, however, to add that the skull of the Bushwoman whose brain Professor 

 Marshall has described, I.e., had the squamous of the left side joined to the frontal, 

 and that with obliteration of the suture ; and that though Dr. Williamson has not 

 recorded the presence of this junction in any of the three Bushman crania described 

 by him in his 'Catalogue of the Army Medical Museum,' 1867, he has noted it ia two 

 out of the seven skulls of the closely affined Hottentot race. 



2 Similarly rudimentary sutures are observable in several of the Bushman crania in 

 the Royal College of Surgeons of London. 



