ON THE CKANIOLOGY OF THE BUSHMEN. 473 



which corresponds very usually to a wide receptacle for the frontal 

 lobes of the brain, observable. On the other hand, the zygomata 

 do not come into view, when the skull is held out so as to present 

 its norma verticalis at arm's length to one eye of the observer, 

 with the invariability which might have been expected. In two 

 only of these six skulls are both zygomata seen at the same time 

 when the skull is held in this position ; in three the zygoma of the 

 left side only is seen ; and in one neither zygoma comes into view. 

 But these skulls, as is often the case in skulls of flesh-eating savage 

 races, are of considerable density, and a greater thickness of walls 

 as well as a greater development of the contents of a skull may 

 prevent it from being phaenozygous. One other condition indeed, 

 that of considerable development of the malar arch, which produces 

 phaenozygy, is present in the Bushmen, as in the skulls of other 

 races exposed to the sun and glare, and other irritants of the eyes ; 

 but its working is countervailed by that of thickness of the cranial 

 walls. All the Bushman skulls examined by Dr. Fritsch were 

 broad in the sphenoparietal diameter (see his 'Die Eingeborene 

 Sud-Afrika's,' 1872, p. 413). With two exceptions, those consti- 

 tuted by the skull procured by Mr. Fairclough and that presented 

 by Dr. Bleek, the supraciliary ridges and glabellae are compara- 

 tively feebly developed. 



The parietal tnbera, or the spots on the external surface of 

 the cranium corresponding to them, are placed far back in all 

 these crania, and what I have elsewhere spoken of at some length * 

 as the antero-posterior index is consequently high. The same 

 remark, however, may be made of Zulu and other Abantu crania. 



It has often been stated that the ears in Bushmen are huge, 

 misshapen, and outstanding. According, however, to trustworthy 

 accounts of Professors Marshall and Flower, and Dr. Murie and 

 Professor Wyman (' Proc. Boston Nat. History Soc' ix. 1862, p. $6), 

 the small size of the lobule appears to be the only constant 

 character of this organ which is distinctive. (See Fritsch, 1. c. 

 p. 410.) Much that has been written on the peculiarity known as 

 ' steatopyga' in our own species might have been spared if what 

 the great naturalist Pallas had written on the similar development 

 called by the same name in one of the most widely spread varieties 

 of the sheep had been studied in the wonderful eleventh Fascicle of 

 1 'British Barrows,' pp. 563 and 677, and Article XV, pp. 168, 277. 



