474 ON THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE BUSHMEN. 



his ' Spicilegia Zoologica,' from p. 63 to p. 69. I will quote only a 

 few of the sentences of Pallas's account : — 



Page 64. — 'In his quidem generalioribus, praesertim deformatione caudae et auribus 

 pendulis greges omnes conveniunt quas Nomades diversarum gentium Asiae possident. 

 Sed varias a temperie caeli, pascuis, aliisque causis vel cultura apud varias hasce 

 gentes mutationes passae sunt et ad Russos translatae patiuntur. In Tatariae Magnae 

 desertis occidentalibus, a Volga usque ad Irtin et Altaicum jugum, pascua maximam 

 partem sunt aridissima, abundant vernalibus plantis acribus et liliaceis ; postea aestate 

 in elatis locis quae maxime lanigerum pecus amat praeter siccissima gramina, stipas 

 similiaque, nil nisi artemisias amaras aromaticas, camphorosmam et salsolas succo et 

 salibus abundantes servant. Ubique simul abundant lacunae natroso, culinari, 

 glauberianoque sale efflorescentes, et aquae in desertis iisdem rarae plerumque iisdem 

 salibus foetae sunt. Quae quidem omnia ovium corpulentiae maxime convenire pas- 

 tores Europaei quoque norunt. Accedit vitae genus et cultura.' 



Page 67. — ' Sequitur ex istis deform e istud pulvinar sive uropygia quod in locum 

 caudae apud hanc varietatem ovium successit maximeque constantem ejus characterem 

 praebet superfluae generation e pinguedinis ortum debere atque in campis salsuginosis 

 Tatariae occidentalioris primam patriam habuisse. In genere videmus certas corporis 

 partes, illas puto praesertim, in quibus lentior sanguinis circulus obtinet, collectioni 

 pinguedinis in textu celluloso maxime favere.' 



Page 68. — ' Orta ilia semel circa caudam collectio pinguedinis, veluti genialis 

 morbus per generationes sensim adauctus fait. 1 



As regards the distinctiveness of steatopyga, or, in other words, 

 as regards the reason which by polygenist writers it was supposed 

 to furnish for considering the Hottentot and Bushman races as 

 specifically distinct from other human beings, there is no need to 

 refer to the analogy which the steatopygous sheep suggests. For 

 as Hartmann ('Die Nigritier,' p. 489, 1876) states, it is found also 

 among Berber and Negro tribes, such as the Maqwa, the Denqa, 

 and the Bonqo ; and it may be added that it may be seen figured 

 in the English translation of Schweinfurth's ' Heart of Africa,' by 

 Ellen E. Frewer, vol. ii. p. 121. 



As against the ethnological significance of the hypertrophy of 

 the nymphae, which constitutes the ' viel besprochene Hottentotten- 

 Schurze,' the case is still stronger. For not only may this pecu- 

 liarity be found amongst other African races, such as the Berber, 

 Egyptian, and Negro (according to Hartmann, 1. c. p. 489), and the 

 Abantu and Sudan natives (according to Fritsch, 'Die Eingeborene,' 

 pp. 282, 283), where its presence might be reasonably explained 

 by reference to peculiarities of diet or climate, but it may, ac- 

 cording to Hartmann, be paralleled by observation carried on in 

 the very different surroundings of North Europe. The words of 

 the last-named authority, whose intimate acquaintance at once 



