THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 129 



and by distinguishing those species or genera which barely 

 enter the eastern borders of Europe ; e. g., Cimicifuga fce- 

 tida, Mcenringia lateriflora, Geum strictum, Spircea salici- 

 folia, etc. 



It will be yet more strengthened, and the obvious conclu- 

 sion will become irresistible, when we take the nearly allied, 

 as well as the identical, species into account. And also when 

 we consider that, after excluding the identical species, only 

 fifteen per cent, of the entries in the European column of the 

 detailed tabular view are in italic type (i. e. are closely repre- 

 sentative of Japanese species) ; while there are twenty-two 

 per cent, of this character in the American column. 



For the latter, I need only advert to some instances of such 

 close representation, as of 



Trollius patulus by T. Americanus, 



Aguilegia Burgeriana "A. Canadensis, 



Rhus vernicifera " R. venenata, 



Celastras seandens " C. articulatus, 



Negundo cissifolium " N. aceroides, 



Sophora Japonica " S. affinis, 



Sanguisorba tennifolia " S. Canadensis, 



Astilbe Thunbergii and Japonica . . " A. decandra, 



Mitchella undulata " M. repens, 



Hamamelis Japonica " H. Virginiea, 



Clethra barbinervis " C. acuminata, 



Rhododendron brachycarpum . . . . " R. Catawbiense, 



Amsonia elliptica " Tabernsemontana, 



Saururus Loureiri " S. cernuus, 



and many others of the same sort, — several of which, when 

 better known, may yet prove to be conspecific ; while an 

 equally large number could be indicated of species which, 

 altogether more positively different, are yet no less striking 

 counterparts. 



To demonstrate the former proposition, I have only to 

 contrast the extra-American genera common to Europe and 

 Japan with the extra-European genera common to North 

 America and Japan. The principal European genera of this 

 category are Adonis, Epimedium, Chelidonium, Malachium, 

 Lotus, Anthriscus, Hedera, Asperula, Rubia, Carpesium, Ligu- 

 laria, Lampsana, Picris, Paederota, Ajuga, Thymus, Nepeta, 



