270 ESSA YS. 



ordinate groups of plants which distinguish our Atlantic flora 

 from that of Europe. The evidence, in brief, is that the 

 plants in question, or their moderately differentiated represen- 

 tatives, still coexist in the flora of eastern North America 

 and that of the Chino-Japanese region, the climates and con- 

 ditions of which are very similar ; and that the fossilized rep- 

 resentatives of many of them have been brought to light in 

 the late tertiary deposits of the arctic zone wherever explored. 

 In mentioning some of the plants of this category I include 

 the Magnolias, although there are no nearly identical species, 

 but there is a seemingly identical Liriodendron in China, and 

 the Schizandras and Illiciums are divided between the two 

 floras ; and I put into the list Menispermum, of which the 

 only other species is eastern Siberian, and is hardly distin- 

 guishable from ours. When you call to mind the series of 

 wholly extra-European types which are identically or approxi- 

 mately represented in the eastern North American and in the 

 eastern Asiatic temperate floras, such as Trautvetteria and 

 Hydrastis in Ranunculacece ; Caulophyllum, Diphylleia, 

 Jeffersonia and Podophyllum in Berberidece ; Brasenia and 

 Nelumbium in Nymphceacem ; Stylophorum in Papaveracece ; 

 Stuartia and Gordonia in Ternstroemiacem ; the equivalent 

 species of Xanthoxylum, the equivalent and identical species 

 of Vitis, and of the poisonous species of Rhus (one, if not 

 both, of which you may meet with in every botanical excur- 

 sion, and which it will be safer not to handle) ; the Horse- 

 chestnuts, here called Buckeyes ; the Negundo, a peculiar off- 

 shoot of the Maple tribe; when you consider that almost 

 every one of the peculiar Leguminous tree mentioned as 

 characteristic of our flora is represented by a species in China 

 or Mandchuria or Japan, and so of some herbaceous Legumi- 

 nosce ; when you remember that the peculiar small order of 

 which Calycanthus is the principal type has its other repre- 

 sentative in the same region ; that the species of Philadelphia, 

 of Hydrangea, of Itea, Astilbe, Hamamelis, Diervilla, Trios- 

 teum, Mitchella which carpets the ground under evergreen 

 woods, Chiogenes, creeping over the shaded bogs ; Epigaea, 

 choicest woodland flower of early spring ; Elliottia ; Shortia 



